command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1 error while installing scrapy
16,667
Your problem is:
c/_cffi_backend.c:14:17: error: ffi.h: No such file or directory
You'll need to install the libffi-devel package (on Debian/Ubuntu this would be libffi-dev).
Author by
Lerner Zhang
Knowledge compounds when it is shared. Lehren heißt zweimal lernen.
Updated on July 21, 2022Comments
-
Lerner Zhang over 1 year
When I want to install Scrapy I meet this error:
warning: no previously-included files found matching '*.py' Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): pyOpenSSL in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pyOpenSSL-0.14-py2.7.egg (from Scrapy) Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): cssselect>=0.9 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cssselect-0.9.1-py2.7.egg (from Scrapy) Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): six>=1.5.2 in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/six-1.6.1-py2.7.egg (from Scrapy) Downloading/unpacking zope.interface>=3.6.0 (from Twisted>=10.0.0->Scrapy) Downloading zope.interface-4.1.1.tar.gz (864kB): 864kB downloaded Running setup.py (path:/tmp/pip_build_root/zope.interface/setup.py) egg_info for package zope.interface warning: no previously-included files matching '*.dll' found anywhere in distribution warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found anywhere in distribution warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found anywhere in distribution warning: no previously-included files matching '*.so' found anywhere in distribution Downloading/unpacking cryptography>=0.2.1 (from pyOpenSSL->Scrapy) Downloading cryptography-0.4.tar.gz (260kB): 260kB downloaded Running setup.py (path:/tmp/pip_build_root/cryptography/setup.py) egg_info for package cryptography Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path. Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc' to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable No package 'libffi' found Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path. Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc' to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable No package 'libffi' found Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path. Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc' to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable No package 'libffi' found Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path. Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc' to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable No package 'libffi' found Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path. Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc' to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable No package 'libffi' found c/_cffi_backend.c:14:17: error: ffi.h: No such file or directory In file included from c/_cffi_backend.c:21: c/malloc_closure.h:33: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before 'ffi_closure' c/malloc_closure.h: In function 'more_core': c/malloc_closure.h:69: warning: division by zero c/malloc_closure.h:96: error: 'union mmaped_block' has no member named 'next' c/malloc_closure.h: At top level: c/malloc_closure.h:105: error: expected ')' before '*' token c/malloc_closure.h:113: error: expected '=', ',', ';', 'asm' or '__attribute__' before '*' token c/_cffi_backend.c:187: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before 'ffi_cif' c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'cdataowninggc_dealloc': c/_cffi_backend.c:1499: error: 'ffi_closure' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:1499: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once c/_cffi_backend.c:1499: error: for each function it appears in.) c/_cffi_backend.c:1499: error: 'closure' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:1499: error: expected expression before ')' token c/_cffi_backend.c:1502: warning: implicit declaration of function 'cffi_closure_free' c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'cdataowninggc_traverse': c/_cffi_backend.c:1514: error: 'ffi_closure' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:1514: error: 'closure' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:1514: error: expected expression before ')' token c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'cdataowninggc_clear': c/_cffi_backend.c:1530: error: 'ffi_closure' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:1530: error: 'closure' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:1530: error: expected expression before ')' token c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'cdataowning_repr': c/_cffi_backend.c:1654: error: 'ffi_closure' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:1654: error: expected expression before ')' token c/_cffi_backend.c: At top level: c/_cffi_backend.c:2200: error: expected declaration specifiers or '...' before 'ffi_abi' c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'cdata_call': c/_cffi_backend.c:2334: error: 'ffi_abi' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:2334: error: expected ';' before 'fabi' c/_cffi_backend.c:2376: error: 'fabi' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:2380: error: too many arguments to function 'fb_prepare_cif' c/_cffi_backend.c:2385: error: 'cif_description_t' has no member named 'exchange_size' c/_cffi_backend.c:2395: error: 'cif_description_t' has no member named 'exchange_offset_arg' c/_cffi_backend.c:2425: error: 'cif_description_t' has no member named 'exchange_offset_arg' c/_cffi_backend.c:2430: warning: implicit declaration of function 'ffi_call' c/_cffi_backend.c:2430: error: 'cif_description_t' has no member named 'cif' c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'b_new_primitive_type': c/_cffi_backend.c:3334: error: 'ffi_type' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:3334: error: 'ffitype' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:3355: error: 'ffi_type_sint8' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:3356: error: 'ffi_type_sint16' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:3357: error: 'ffi_type_sint32' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:3358: error: 'ffi_type_sint64' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:3364: error: 'ffi_type_float' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:3366: error: 'ffi_type_double' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:3368: error: 'ffi_type_longdouble' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:3374: error: 'ffi_type_uint8' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:3375: error: 'ffi_type_uint16' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:3376: error: 'ffi_type_uint32' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:3377: error: 'ffi_type_uint64' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c: At top level: c/_cffi_backend.c:3931: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before 'ffi_type' c/_cffi_backend.c:3950: error: expected '=', ',', ';', 'asm' or '__attribute__' before '*' token c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'fb_build': c/_cffi_backend.c:4081: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'atypes' c/_cffi_backend.c:4081: error: 'ffi_type' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:4081: error: expected expression before ')' token c/_cffi_backend.c:4082: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'nargs' c/_cffi_backend.c:4085: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'rtype' c/_cffi_backend.c:4085: warning: implicit declaration of function 'fb_fill_type' c/_cffi_backend.c:4093: error: 'cif_description_t' has no member named 'exchange_offset_arg' c/_cffi_backend.c:4096: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'rtype' c/_cffi_backend.c:4097: error: 'ffi_arg' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:4107: error: 'atype' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:4120: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'atypes' c/_cffi_backend.c:4121: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'atypes' c/_cffi_backend.c:4124: error: 'cif_description_t' has no member named 'exchange_offset_arg' c/_cffi_backend.c:4131: error: 'cif_description_t' has no member named 'exchange_size' c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'fb_build_name': c/_cffi_backend.c:4153: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'nargs' c/_cffi_backend.c:4162: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'fct' c/_cffi_backend.c:4164: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'fct' c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'fb_prepare_ctype': c/_cffi_backend.c:4205: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'fct' c/_cffi_backend.c:4215: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'fct' c/_cffi_backend.c: At top level: c/_cffi_backend.c:4235: error: expected declaration specifiers or '...' before 'ffi_abi' c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'fb_prepare_cif': c/_cffi_backend.c:4262: warning: implicit declaration of function 'ffi_prep_cif' c/_cffi_backend.c:4262: error: 'cif_description_t' has no member named 'cif' c/_cffi_backend.c:4262: error: 'fabi' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:4262: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'nargs' c/_cffi_backend.c:4263: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'rtype' c/_cffi_backend.c:4263: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'atypes' c/_cffi_backend.c:4263: error: 'FFI_OK' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'b_new_function_type': c/_cffi_backend.c:4280: error: 'FFI_DEFAULT_ABI' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:4318: error: too many arguments to function 'fb_prepare_cif' c/_cffi_backend.c:4326: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'nargs' c/_cffi_backend.c:4336: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'nargs' c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'convert_from_object_fficallback': c/_cffi_backend.c:4360: error: 'ffi_arg' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c: At top level: c/_cffi_backend.c:4432: error: expected ')' before '*' token c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'b_callback': c/_cffi_backend.c:4503: error: 'ffi_closure' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:4503: error: 'closure' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:4524: error: 'ffi_arg' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:4542: warning: implicit declaration of function 'cffi_closure_alloc' c/_cffi_backend.c:4559: warning: implicit declaration of function 'ffi_prep_closure' c/_cffi_backend.c:4559: error: 'cif_description_t' has no member named 'cif' c/_cffi_backend.c:4560: error: 'invoke_callback' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:4560: error: 'FFI_OK' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'init_cffi_backend': c/_cffi_backend.c:5489: error: 'FFI_DEFAULT_ABI' undeclared (first use in this function) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<string>", line 17, in <module> File "/tmp/pip_build_root/cryptography/setup.py", line 174, in <module> "test": PyTest, File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/distutils/core.py", line 112, in setup _setup_distribution = dist = klass(attrs) File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/dist.py", line 260, in __init__ File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/dist.py", line 285, in fetch_build_eggs File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources.py", line 631, in resolve File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources.py", line 871, in best_match File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources.py", line 883, in obtain File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/dist.py", line 335, in fetch_build_egg File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 595, in easy_install File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 625, in install_item File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 822, in install_eggs File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1028, in build_and_install File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1016, in run_setup distutils.errors.DistutilsError: Setup script exited with error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1 Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info: Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path. Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc' to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable No package 'libffi' found Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path. Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc' to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable No package 'libffi' found Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path. Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc' to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable No package 'libffi' found Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path. Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc' to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable No package 'libffi' found Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path. Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc' to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable No package 'libffi' found c/_cffi_backend.c:14:17: error: ffi.h: No such file or directory In file included from c/_cffi_backend.c:21: c/malloc_closure.h:33: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before 'ffi_closure' c/malloc_closure.h: In function 'more_core': c/malloc_closure.h:69: warning: division by zero c/malloc_closure.h:96: error: 'union mmaped_block' has no member named 'next' c/malloc_closure.h: At top level: c/malloc_closure.h:105: error: expected ')' before '*' token c/malloc_closure.h:113: error: expected '=', ',', ';', 'asm' or '__attribute__' before '*' token c/_cffi_backend.c:187: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before 'ffi_cif' c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'cdataowninggc_dealloc': c/_cffi_backend.c:1499: error: 'ffi_closure' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:1499: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once c/_cffi_backend.c:1499: error: for each function it appears in.) c/_cffi_backend.c:1499: error: 'closure' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:1499: error: expected expression before ')' token c/_cffi_backend.c:1502: warning: implicit declaration of function 'cffi_closure_free' c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'cdataowninggc_traverse': c/_cffi_backend.c:1514: error: 'ffi_closure' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:1514: error: 'closure' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:1514: error: expected expression before ')' token c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'cdataowninggc_clear': c/_cffi_backend.c:1530: error: 'ffi_closure' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:1530: error: 'closure' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:1530: error: expected expression before ')' token c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'cdataowning_repr': c/_cffi_backend.c:1654: error: 'ffi_closure' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:1654: error: expected expression before ')' token c/_cffi_backend.c: At top level: c/_cffi_backend.c:2200: error: expected declaration specifiers or '...' before 'ffi_abi' c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'cdata_call': c/_cffi_backend.c:2334: error: 'ffi_abi' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:2334: error: expected ';' before 'fabi' c/_cffi_backend.c:2376: error: 'fabi' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:2380: error: too many arguments to function 'fb_prepare_cif' c/_cffi_backend.c:2385: error: 'cif_description_t' has no member named 'exchange_size' c/_cffi_backend.c:2395: error: 'cif_description_t' has no member named 'exchange_offset_arg' c/_cffi_backend.c:2425: error: 'cif_description_t' has no member named 'exchange_offset_arg' c/_cffi_backend.c:2430: warning: implicit declaration of function 'ffi_call' c/_cffi_backend.c:2430: error: 'cif_description_t' has no member named 'cif' c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'b_new_primitive_type': c/_cffi_backend.c:3334: error: 'ffi_type' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:3334: error: 'ffitype' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:3355: error: 'ffi_type_sint8' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:3356: error: 'ffi_type_sint16' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:3357: error: 'ffi_type_sint32' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:3358: error: 'ffi_type_sint64' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:3364: error: 'ffi_type_float' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:3366: error: 'ffi_type_double' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:3368: error: 'ffi_type_longdouble' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:3374: error: 'ffi_type_uint8' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:3375: error: 'ffi_type_uint16' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:3376: error: 'ffi_type_uint32' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:3377: error: 'ffi_type_uint64' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c: At top level: c/_cffi_backend.c:3931: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before 'ffi_type' c/_cffi_backend.c:3950: error: expected '=', ',', ';', 'asm' or '__attribute__' before '*' token c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'fb_build': c/_cffi_backend.c:4081: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'atypes' c/_cffi_backend.c:4081: error: 'ffi_type' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:4081: error: expected expression before ')' token c/_cffi_backend.c:4082: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'nargs' c/_cffi_backend.c:4085: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'rtype' c/_cffi_backend.c:4085: warning: implicit declaration of function 'fb_fill_type' c/_cffi_backend.c:4093: error: 'cif_description_t' has no member named 'exchange_offset_arg' c/_cffi_backend.c:4096: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'rtype' c/_cffi_backend.c:4097: error: 'ffi_arg' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:4107: error: 'atype' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:4120: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'atypes' c/_cffi_backend.c:4121: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'atypes' c/_cffi_backend.c:4124: error: 'cif_description_t' has no member named 'exchange_offset_arg' c/_cffi_backend.c:4131: error: 'cif_description_t' has no member named 'exchange_size' c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'fb_build_name': c/_cffi_backend.c:4153: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'nargs' c/_cffi_backend.c:4162: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'fct' c/_cffi_backend.c:4164: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'fct' c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'fb_prepare_ctype': c/_cffi_backend.c:4205: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'fct' c/_cffi_backend.c:4215: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'fct' c/_cffi_backend.c: At top level: c/_cffi_backend.c:4235: error: expected declaration specifiers or '...' before 'ffi_abi' c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'fb_prepare_cif': c/_cffi_backend.c:4262: warning: implicit declaration of function 'ffi_prep_cif' c/_cffi_backend.c:4262: error: 'cif_description_t' has no member named 'cif' c/_cffi_backend.c:4262: error: 'fabi' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:4262: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'nargs' c/_cffi_backend.c:4263: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'rtype' c/_cffi_backend.c:4263: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'atypes' c/_cffi_backend.c:4263: error: 'FFI_OK' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'b_new_function_type': c/_cffi_backend.c:4280: error: 'FFI_DEFAULT_ABI' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:4318: error: too many arguments to function 'fb_prepare_cif' c/_cffi_backend.c:4326: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'nargs' c/_cffi_backend.c:4336: error: 'struct funcbuilder_s' has no member named 'nargs' c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'convert_from_object_fficallback': c/_cffi_backend.c:4360: error: 'ffi_arg' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c: At top level: c/_cffi_backend.c:4432: error: expected ')' before '*' token c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'b_callback': c/_cffi_backend.c:4503: error: 'ffi_closure' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:4503: error: 'closure' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:4524: error: 'ffi_arg' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:4542: warning: implicit declaration of function 'cffi_closure_alloc' c/_cffi_backend.c:4559: warning: implicit declaration of function 'ffi_prep_closure' c/_cffi_backend.c:4559: error: 'cif_description_t' has no member named 'cif' c/_cffi_backend.c:4560: error: 'invoke_callback' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c:4560: error: 'FFI_OK' undeclared (first use in this function) c/_cffi_backend.c: In function 'init_cffi_backend': c/_cffi_backend.c:5489: error: 'FFI_DEFAULT_ABI' undeclared (first use in this function) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<string>", line 17, in <module> File "/tmp/pip_build_root/cryptography/setup.py", line 174, in <module> "test": PyTest, File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/distutils/core.py", line 112, in setup _setup_distribution = dist = klass(attrs) File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/dist.py", line 260, in __init__ File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/dist.py", line 285, in fetch_build_eggs File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources.py", line 631, in resolve File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources.py", line 871, in best_match File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources.py", line 883, in obtain File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/dist.py", line 335, in fetch_build_egg File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 595, in easy_install File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 625, in install_item File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 822, in install_eggs File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1028, in build_and_install File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1016, in run_setup distutils.errors.DistutilsError: Setup script exited with error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1 ---------------------------------------- Cleaning up... Command python setup.py egg_info failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip_build_root/cryptography Storing debug log for failure in /root/.pip/pip.logI tried this answer but failed also，Getting gcc failed error while installing scrapy, would any one tell me how to correct it?
PS: My OS is centos 6.5