Are "EXC_BREAKPOINT (SIGTRAP)" exceptions caused by debugging breakpoints?

Question

I have a multithreaded app that is very stable on all my test machines and seems to be stable for almost every one of my users (based on no complaints of crashes). The app crashes frequently for one user, though, who was kind enough to send crash reports. All the crash reports (~10 consecutive reports) look essentially identical:

Date/Time:       2010-04-06 11:44:56.106 -0700
OS Version:      Mac OS X 10.6.3 (10D573)
Report Version:  6

Exception Type:  EXC_BREAKPOINT (SIGTRAP)
Exception Codes: 0x0000000000000002, 0x0000000000000000
Crashed Thread:  0  Dispatch queue: com.apple.main-thread

Thread 0 Crashed:  Dispatch queue: com.apple.main-thread
0   com.apple.CoreFoundation        0x90ab98d4 __CFBasicHashRehash + 3348
1   com.apple.CoreFoundation        0x90adf610 CFBasicHashRemoveValue + 1264
2   com.apple.CoreText              0x94e0069c TCFMutableSet::Intersect(__CFSet const*) const + 126
3   com.apple.CoreText              0x94dfe465 TDescriptorSource::CopyMandatoryMatchableRequest(__CFDictionary const*, __CFSet const*) + 115
4   com.apple.CoreText              0x94dfdda6 TDescriptorSource::CopyDescriptorsForRequest(__CFDictionary const*, __CFSet const*, long (*)(void const*, void const*, void*), void*, unsigned long) const + 40
5   com.apple.CoreText              0x94e00377 TDescriptor::CreateMatchingDescriptors(__CFSet const*, unsigned long) const + 135
6   com.apple.AppKit                0x961f5952 __NSFontFactoryWithName + 904
7   com.apple.AppKit                0x961f54f0 +[NSFont fontWithName:size:] + 39

(....more text follows)

First, I spent a long time investigating [NSFont fontWithName:size:]. I figured that maybe the user's fonts were screwed up somehow, so that [NSFont fontWithName:size:] was requesting something non-existent and failing for that reason. I added a bunch of code using [[NSFontManager sharedFontManager] availableFontNamesWithTraits:NSItalicFontMask] to check for font availability in advance. Sadly, these changes didn't fix the problem.

I've now noticed that I forgot to remove some debugging breakpoints, including _NSLockError, [NSException raise], and objc_exception_throw. However, the app was definitely built using "Release" as the active build configuration. I assume that using the "Release" configuration prevents setting of any breakpoints--but then again I am not sure exactly how breakpoints work or whether the program needs to be run from within gdb for breakpoints to have any effect.

My questions are: could my having left the breakpoints set be the cause of the crashes observed by the user? If so, why would the breakpoints cause a problem only for this one user? If not, has anybody else had similar problems with [NSFont fontWithName:size:]?

I will probably just try removing the breakpoints and sending back to the user, but I'm not sure how much currency I have left with that user. And I'd like to understand more generally whether leaving the breakpoints set could possibly cause a problem (when the app is built using "Release" configuration).

Solution 1

Are “EXC_BREAKPOINT (SIGTRAP)” exceptions caused by debugging breakpoints?

No. Other way around, actually: A SIGTRAP (trace trap) will cause the debugger to break (interrupt) your program, the same way an actual breakpoint would. But that's because the debugger always breaks on a crash, and a SIGTRAP (like several other signals) is one type of crash.

SIGTRAPs are generally caused by NSExceptions being thrown, but not always—it's even possible to directly raise one yourself.

I've now noticed that I forgot to remove some debugging breakpoints, including _NSLockError, [NSException raise], and objc_exception_throw.

Those are not breakpoints. Two of them are functions and -[NSException raise] is a method.

Did you mean you set breakpoints on those functions and that method?

I assume that using the "Release" configuration prevents setting of any breakpoints--

No.

The configurations are build configurations. They affect how Xcode builds your applications.

Breakpoints are not part of the build; you set them in the debugger. They only exist, only get hit, and only stop your program when you run your program under the debugger.

Since they aren't part of the build, it's not possible to pass your breakpoints to a user simply by giving them the app bundle.

I am not sure exactly how breakpoints work …

When your program hits the breakpoint, the debugger breaks (interrupts) your program, whereupon you can examine the program's state and step carefully forward to see how the program goes wrong.

Since it's the debugger that stops your program, breakpoints have no effect when you're not running your program under the debugger.

… or whether the program needs to be run from within gdb for breakpoints to have any effect.

It does. Debugger breakpoints only work within the debugger.

My questions are: could my having left the breakpoints set be the cause of the crashes observed by the user?

No.

First, as noted, even if these breakpoints did somehow get carried over to the user's system, breakpoints are only effective in the debugger. The debugger can't stop on a breakpoint if your program isn't running under the debugger. The user almost certainly isn't running your app under the debugger, especially since they got a crash log out of it.

Even if they did run your app under the debugger with all of these breakpoints set, a breakpoint is only hit when your program reaches that point, so one of these breakpoints could only fire if you or Cocoa called _NSLockError, -[NSException raise], or objc_exception_throw. Getting to that point wouldn't be the cause of the problem, it'd be a symptom of the problem.

And if you did crash as a result of one of those being called, your crash log would have at least one of them named in it. It doesn't.

So, this wasn't related to your breakpoints (different machine, debugger not involved), and it wasn't a Cocoa exception—as I mentioned, Cocoa exceptions are one cause of SIGTRAPs, but they are not the only one. You encountered a different one.

If not, has anybody else had similar problems with [NSFont fontWithName:size:]?

There's no way we can tell whether any problems we've had are similar because you cut off the crash log. We know nothing about what context the crash happened in.

The only thing that's good to cut out is the “Binary images” section, since we don't have your dSYM bundles, which means we can't use that section to symbolicate the crash log.

You, on the other hand, can. I wrote an app for this purpose; feed the crash log to it, and it should detect the dSYM bundle automatically (you are keeping the dSYM bundle for every Release build you distribute, right?) and restore your function and method names into the stack trace wherever your functions and methods appear.

For further information, see the Xcode Debugging Guide.

Solution 2

It is extremely likely that this user has a corrupt font installed. The stack trace definitely supports that hypothesis, as does the fact that it's only affecting one user.

There's not much you can do in that case except get the user to remove the offending font, as the crashes that occur take place deep down in Apple's code.

Try getting the user to run a font validation in Font Book. To do this, launch Font Book, click All Fonts in the source list and then select all the listed fonts. You can then select Validate Fonts from the File menu.

Solution 3

I had the same error. For an unexplainable reason the breakpoint was the responsible of the throwing the EXC_BREAKPOINT exception. The solution was to remove the breakpoint, and then code works.

EXC_BREAKPOINT is a type of exception that debuggers use. When you set a breakpoint in your code, the compiler inserts an exception of this type in the executable code. When the execution reaches that point, the exception is thrown and the debugger catches it. Then the debugger shows your code in the "breakpointed" line. This is how debuggers work. But in this case the debugger does not handle the exception correctly and is presented as a regular exception error.

I have found this error two times in my life:

• one using Xcode about a year ago.
• the other using Visual C++ about 15 years ago.

Comments

[Dennis]

Thanks for this rapid answer! In Googling around this problem I've noticed that others have EXC_BREAKPOINTS associated with dyld messages--but my crash logs don't show any messages from dyld.

[Dennis]

Thanks for this tip about Font Book--I know very little about Fonts and actually had an interesting time validating my own fonts...I will suggest that the user try this.

[Dennis]

Wow, thanks for the comprehensive answer. • "Did you mean you set breakpoints on those functions..." Yes, this is what I meant. • "Breakpoints are not part of the build...They only exist, only get hit, and only stop your program when you run your program under the debugger" Thanks, this is exactly what I wanted to know. • "symbolicate the crash log...I wrote an app for this purpose" Nice app. I generally "symbolicate" by sheer intuition--but your app is a better way! • I've concluded that this must some kind of problem with the user's font and will work on it from that perspective.

[kelin]

It's strange, that I got this error without any breakpoints at all.

[veladan]

I don't tell this error occurs only with breakpoints: EXC_BREAKPOINT can happen for multiple reasons. What I'm explaining are a pair of very infrequent cases where a breakpoint generates an unhandled exception.