Arm sourcery toolchain linking error

Question

I want to use standard c function in one of my function

void print(const char* format,...) {    
    char buffer[256];
    va_list args;
    va_start (args, format);
    vsnprintf (buffer,256,format, args);
    va_end (args);
    sendString(buffer);
}

Error coming is

arm-none-eabi-ld  -o check.elf -T /home/sanju/Arm/check/other/ROM.ld Serial.o irq.o lowlevel.o main.o startup.o \
-L/usr/arm-none-eabi/lib   -lc -lg  -lm
/usr/arm-none-eabi/lib/libc.a(lib_a-svfprintf.o): In function `_svfprintf_r':
vfprintf.c:(.text+0x688): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dcmplt'
vfprintf.c:(.text+0xdfc): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dcmpeq'
vfprintf.c:(.text+0x10b4): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dcmpeq'
vfprintf.c:(.text+0x168c): undefined reference to `__aeabi_uldivmod'
vfprintf.c:(.text+0x16a8): undefined reference to `__aeabi_uldivmod'
vfprintf.c:(.text+0x1a48): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dcmpeq'
vfprintf.c:(.text+0x1eac): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dcmpeq'
/usr/arm-none-eabi/lib/libc.a(lib_a-dtoa.o): In function `quorem':
dtoa.c:(.text+0x3c): undefined reference to `__aeabi_uidiv'
/usr/arm-none-eabi/lib/libc.a(lib_a-dtoa.o): In function `_dtoa_r':
dtoa.c:(.text+0x274): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dcmpeq'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x360): undefined reference to `__aeabi_ui2d'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x37c): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dsub'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x388): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dmul'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x394): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dadd'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x3a4): undefined reference to `__aeabi_i2d'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x3b0): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dmul'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x3c4): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dadd'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x3d0): undefined reference to `__aeabi_d2iz'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x3e8): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dcmplt'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x418): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dcmpgt'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x5a8): undefined reference to `__aeabi_ddiv'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x5ac): undefined reference to `__aeabi_d2iz'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x5b4): undefined reference to `__aeabi_i2d'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x5c0): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dmul'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x5d4): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dsub'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x608): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dmul'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x61c): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dcmpeq'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x650): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dmul'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x664): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dcmpeq'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x684): undefined reference to `__aeabi_ddiv'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x688): undefined reference to `__aeabi_d2iz'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x690): undefined reference to `__aeabi_i2d'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x69c): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dmul'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x6b0): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dsub'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x6fc): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dadd'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x718): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dcmplt'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x73c): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dcmpeq'
dtoa.c:(.text+0xa94): undefined reference to `__aeabi_i2d'
dtoa.c:(.text+0xaa0): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dcmpeq'
dtoa.c:(.text+0xbf8): undefined reference to `__aeabi_ddiv'
dtoa.c:(.text+0xc2c): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dmul'
dtoa.c:(.text+0xc58): undefined reference to `__aeabi_ddiv'
dtoa.c:(.text+0xc80): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dcmplt'
dtoa.c:(.text+0xc90): undefined reference to `__aeabi_i2d'
dtoa.c:(.text+0xc9c): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dmul'
dtoa.c:(.text+0xca8): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dadd'
dtoa.c:(.text+0xce8): undefined reference to `__aeabi_ddiv'
dtoa.c:(.text+0xcf4): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dsub'
dtoa.c:(.text+0xd08): undefined reference to `__aeabi_d2iz'
dtoa.c:(.text+0xd10): undefined reference to `__aeabi_i2d'
dtoa.c:(.text+0xd24): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dsub'
dtoa.c:(.text+0xd54): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dcmpgt'
dtoa.c:(.text+0xd78): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dsub'
dtoa.c:(.text+0xd8c): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dcmpgt'
dtoa.c:(.text+0xdd0): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dsub'
dtoa.c:(.text+0xddc): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dcmplt'
dtoa.c:(.text+0xe00): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dmul'
dtoa.c:(.text+0xe1c): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dmul'
dtoa.c:(.text+0xe28): undefined reference to `__aeabi_d2iz'
dtoa.c:(.text+0xe30): undefined reference to `__aeabi_i2d'
dtoa.c:(.text+0xe44): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dsub'
dtoa.c:(.text+0xe64): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dcmplt'
dtoa.c:(.text+0xef0): undefined reference to `__aeabi_i2d'
dtoa.c:(.text+0xefc): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dmul'
dtoa.c:(.text+0xf08): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dadd'
dtoa.c:(.text+0xf24): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dsub'
dtoa.c:(.text+0xf38): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dcmpgt'
dtoa.c:(.text+0xf54): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dcmplt'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x10c0): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dmul'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x10e8): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dmul'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x1130): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dmul'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x1144): undefined reference to `__aeabi_d2iz'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x114c): undefined reference to `__aeabi_i2d'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x1160): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dsub'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x119c): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dmul'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x11a8): undefined reference to `__aeabi_d2iz'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x11b0): undefined reference to `__aeabi_i2d'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x11c8): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dsub'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x1200): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dadd'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x120c): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dcmplt'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x12cc): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dmul'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x12d8): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dcmpge'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x158c): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dmul'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x159c): undefined reference to `__aeabi_i2d'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x15b0): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dmul'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x15bc): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dadd'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x15ec): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dsub'
dtoa.c:(.text+0x15f8): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dcmpgt'
/usr/arm-none-eabi/lib/libc.a(lib_a-mprec.o): In function `__ratio':
mprec.c:(.text+0xbc0): undefined reference to `__aeabi_ddiv'
/usr/arm-none-eabi/lib/libc.a(lib_a-mprec.o): In function `_mprec_log10':
mprec.c:(.text+0xbf0): undefined reference to `__aeabi_dmul'
/usr/arm-none-eabi/lib/libc.a(lib_a-svfiprintf.o): In function `_svfiprintf_r':
vfprintf.c:(.text+0xf30): undefined reference to `__aeabi_uldivmod'
vfprintf.c:(.text+0xf4c): undefined reference to `__aeabi_uldivmod'
make: *** [all] Error 1
*** Failure: Exit code 2 ***

My makefile is this

TOOLCHAIN=arm-none-eabi-

ARM_CPU=arm7tdmi

VPATH= /home/sanju/Arm/check/src /home/sanju/Arm/check/other /home/sanju/Arm/check/include

INCLUDE= /home/sanju/Arm/check/include

CCFLAGS= -mcpu=$(ARM_CPU) -mthumb-interwork -ffunction-sections -Os -Wall

ASFLAGS= -mcpu=$(ARM_CPU) -mthumb-interwork -mfpu=softfpa -Wall


all: Serial.o irq.o lowlevel.o main.o startup.o 

    $(TOOLCHAIN)ld  -o check.elf -T /home/sanju/Arm/check/other/ROM.ld Serial.o irq.o 
lowlevel.o main.o startup.o \

    -L/usr/arm-none-eabi/lib   -lc -lg  -lm

    $(TOOLCHAIN)objcopy -O ihex check.elf check.hex 

    $(TOOLCHAIN)objcopy -O binary check.elf check.bin 



Serial.o : Serial.c Serial.h

    $(TOOLCHAIN)gcc $(CCFLAGS) -I$(INCLUDE) -c $< 


irq.o : irq.c irq.h lpc214x.h

    $(TOOLCHAIN)gcc $(CCFLAGS) -I$(INCLUDE) -c $< 


lowlevel.o : lowlevel.c lowlevel.h

    $(TOOLCHAIN)gcc $(CCFLAGS) -I$(INCLUDE) -c $< 



main.o : main.c lpc214x.h timer0.h Asm.h lowlevel.h type.h Serial.h

    $(TOOLCHAIN)gcc $(CCFLAGS) -I$(INCLUDE) -c $< 

startup.o : startup.S 

    $(TOOLCHAIN)as $(ASFLAGS) -o startup.o $< 




.PHONY: clean 

clean : 

    rm -rf *.o  *.elf *.hex *.o *.bin 

In the target all it fails in linking. I have tried the example with arm-elf toolchain there also i am getting some errors.I have googled a lot for it but did not find any solution for it.

Solution 1

Try using gcc as ld frontend. Change:

$(TOOLCHAIN)ld  -o check.elf [...]

into

$(TOOLCHAIN)gcc  -o check.elf [...]

GCC knows to add some necessary options when invoking ld.

Solution 2

Do things go any better when adding "-lgcc" to -L?

Solution 3

instead of using ld for linking i used gcc but it was including the supplied crt.o object file so i used -nostartfiles and it worked for me.

Comments

[sanjay]

i tried that but i am using linux os so instead of -lgcc -lg is there and i have added that

[sanjay]

i used gcc instead of ld but i am getting some others because gcc try to link it with some crt.o and some symbols are undefined for that file.

[Multisync]

I found this question through Google, and this actually solved my problem. How comes that gcc is smarter than ld? Shouldn't we stop using ld in favor of gcc at all then?

[Turbo J]

Note that gcc is just a frontend for ld here. It can tell you the actual ld command line used.