Can I put more than 1 condition in if?

Question

Is it possible to put more than 1 condition in an if statement?

if  [ "$name" != "$blank" && "$age" == "$blank" ]; then

Is it possible? If not how am I supposed to do that?

Solution 1

With [ expression ] (POSIX Standard) syntax you can use the following:

if [ "$name" != "$blank" ] && [ "$age" = "$blank" ]; then
   echo true
fi

But in [[ expression ]] syntax you can use both conditions:

if [[ $name != "$blank" && $age == "$blank" ]]; then
   echo true!
fi

Two advantages of [[ over [:

1. No word splitting or glob expansion will be done for [[, and therefore many arguments need not be quoted (with the exception of the right-hand side of == and !=, which is interpreted as a pattern if it isn't quoted).
2. [[ easier to use and less error-prone.

Downside of [[: it is only supported in ksh, bash and zsh, not in plain Bourne/POSIX sh.

My reference and good page to comparing [[ and [: bash FAQ

Security implications of forgetting to quote a variable in bash/POSIX shells

Solution 2

Yet another possibility not mentioned by @SepahradSalour is to use -a operator:

if [ "$name" != "$blank" -a "$age" = "$blank" ]; then

BTW, be sure to quote properly all variables separately.

Comments

[Aman]

also has an answer here

[mikeserv]

According to spec The XSI extensions specifying the -a and -o binary primaries and the '(' and ')' operators have been marked obsolescent. (Many expressions using them are ambiguously defined by the grammar depending on the specific expressions being evaluated.)

[jimmij]

@mikeserv Interesting, I didn't know that.

[Sepahrad Salour]

@mikeserv, Thank for your attention. I edited my post.

[Peter Cordes]

You mention that [ is POSIX standard. It's worth pointing out that [[ isn't. But if you're using other BASH features anyway, then def. use [[, it's better. (e.g. the bash-completion project coding standards mandate use of [[ ]].)

[Pj Rigor]

I suggest you modify the answer to include the comment from @mikeserv