Codable and XMLParser in Swift
Currently, Apple's Codable protocol does not have a way to decode XML.
While there are plenty of third party libraries to parse XML, the XMLParsing library contains a XMLDecoder and a XMLEncoder that uses Apple's own Codable protocol, and is based on Apple's JSONEncoder/JSONDecoder with changes to fit the XML standard.
Link: https://github.com/ShawnMoore/XMLParsing
W3School's XML To Parse:
<note>
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>
</note>
Swift Struct conforming to Codable:
struct Note: Codable {
var to: String
var from: String
var heading: String
var body: String
}
XMLDecoder:
let data = Data(forResource: "note", withExtension: "xml") else { return nil }
let decoder = XMLDecoder()
do {
let note = try decoder.decode(Note.self, from: data)
} catch {
print(error)
}
XMLEncoder:
let encoder = XMLEncoder()
do {
let data = try encoder.encode(self, withRootKey: "note")
print(String(data: data, encoding: .utf8))
} catch {
print(error)
}
There are a number of benefits for using Apple's Codable protocol over that of a third-party's protocol. Take for example if Apple decides to begin supporting XML, you would not have to refactor.
For a full list of examples of this library, see the Sample XML folder in the repository.
There are a few differences between Apple's Decoders and Encoders to fit the XML standard. These are as follows:
Differences between XMLDecoder and JSONDecoder
-
XMLDecoder.DateDecodingStrategy
has an extra case titledkeyFormatted
. This case takes a closure that gives you a CodingKey, and it is up to you to provide the correct DateFormatter for the provided key. This is simply a convenience case on the DateDecodingStrategy of JSONDecoder. -
XMLDecoder.DataDecodingStrategy
has an extra case titledkeyFormatted
. This case takes a closure that gives you a CodingKey, and it is up to you to provide the correct data or nil for the provided key. This is simply a convenience case on the DataDecodingStrategy of JSONDecoder. - If the object conforming to the Codable protocol has an array, and the XML being parsed does not contain the array element, XMLDecoder will assign an empty array to the attribute. This is because the XML standard says if the XML does not contain the attribute, that could mean that there are zero of those elements.
Differences between XMLEncoder and JSONEncoder
Contains an option called
StringEncodingStrategy
, this enum has two options,deferredToString
andcdata
. The deferredToString option is default and will encode strings as simple strings. If cdata is selected, all strings will be encoded as CData.The
encode
function takes in two additional parameters than JSONEncoder does. The first additional parameter in the function is a RootKey string that will have the entire XML wrapped in an element named that key. This parameter is required. The second parameter is an XMLHeader, which is an optional parameter that can take the version, encoding strategy and standalone status, if you want to include this information in the encoded xml.
![iKK](https://i.stack.imgur.com/odxpv.jpg?s=256&g=1)
iKK
Updated on June 10, 2022Comments
-
iKK about 2 years
Using the new Swift4
Codable
protocol works well for JSON-decoding (as explained here or here or in many other contributions). However, as it comes to XML-parsing, I couldn't find any information on whether thisCodable
protocol could also be used for XML decoding.I tried to use the XMLParser (as can be seen in code excerpts below). But I failed to used the "Codable" protocol to simplify the XML-parsing process. How would I have to use the
Codable
protocol exactly to simplify XML-parsing ??// the Fetching of the XML-data (excerpt shown here with a simple dataTask) : let myTask = session.dataTask(with: myRequest) { (data, response, error) in // check for error guard error == nil else { completionHandler(nil, error!) return } // make sure we got data in the response guard let responseData = data else { let error = XMLFetchError.objectSerialization(reason: "No data in response") completionHandler(nil, error) return } // the responseData is XML !!!!!!!!!!!!!! let parser = XMLParser(data: responseData) parser.delegate = self parser.parse() } myTask.resume()
The corresponding XMLParserDelegate-methods:
func parser(_ parser: XMLParser, didStartElement elementName: String, namespaceURI: String?, qualifiedName qName: String?, attributes attributeDict: [String : String] = [:]) { self.resultTrip = elementName // print(elementName) if (self.resultTrip == "TripResult") { self.resultTime = "" } } func parser(_ parser: XMLParser, foundCharacters string: String) { let data = string.trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespacesAndNewlines) if data.count != 0 { switch self.resultTrip { case "TimetabledTime": self.resultTime = data default: break } } } func parser(_ parser: XMLParser, didEndElement elementName: String, namespaceURI: String?, qualifiedName qName: String?) { if self.resultTrip == "TripResult" { // HERE IS THE MISSING BIT: HOW DO YOU USE A CODABLE struct ??? var myTrip = TripResult(from: <#Decoder#>) myTrip.resultID = self.resultTrip } print(resultTime) }
The struct :
struct TripResult : Codable { let resultId : String? let trip : Trip? enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey { case resultId = "ResultId" case trip } init(from decoder: Decoder) throws { let values = try decoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self) resultId = try values.decodeIfPresent(String.self, forKey: .resultId) trip = try Trip(from: decoder) } }
How would I have to use the
Codable
struct? Is there any nice example of how to use theCodable
protocol for XML parsing?-
Code Different over 6 yearsThere's no
XMLEncoder
orXMLDecoder
inFoundation
like the way it is with JSON.Codable
is useless when it comes to XML. -
jjatie over 6 yearsThere is a
PropertyListEncoder
andPropertyListDecoder
which you can set the format to.xml
-
-
iKK about 6 yearsThank you very much, S.Moore, for the super detailed explanations !
-
digitalHound almost 5 yearsNicely done! FYI there are a few warnings when building.