Count number of occurrences of a pattern in a file (even on same line)

Question

When searching for number of occurrences of a string in a file, I generally use:

grep pattern file | wc -l

However, this only finds one occurrence per line, because of the way grep works. How can I search for the number of times a string appears in a file, regardless of whether they are on the same or different lines?

Also, what if I'm searching for a regex pattern, not a simple string? How can I count those, or, even better, print each match on a new line?

Solution 1

To count all occurrences, use -o. Try this:

echo afoobarfoobar | grep -o foo | wc -l

And man grep of course (:

Update

Some suggest to use just grep -co foo instead of grep -o foo | wc -l.

Don't.

This shortcut won't work in all cases. Man page says:

-c print a count of matching lines

Difference in these approaches is illustrated below:

1.

$ echo afoobarfoobar | grep -oc foo
1

As soon as the match is found in the line (a{foo}barfoobar) the searching stops. Only one line was checked and it matched, so the output is 1. Actually -o is ignored here and you could just use grep -c instead.

2.

$ echo afoobarfoobar | grep -o foo
foo
foo

$ echo afoobarfoobar | grep -o foo | wc -l
2

Two matches are found in the line (a{foo}bar{foo}bar) because we explicitly asked to find every occurrence (-o). Every occurence is printed on a separate line, and wc -l just counts the number of lines in the output.

Solution 2

Try this:

grep "string to search for" FileNameToSearch | cut -d ":" -f 4 | sort -n | uniq -c

Sample:

grep "SMTP connect from unknown" maillog | cut -d ":" -f 4 | sort -n | uniq -c
  6  SMTP connect from unknown [188.190.118.90]
 54  SMTP connect from unknown [62.193.131.114]
  3  SMTP connect from unknown [91.222.51.253]

Solution 3

A belated post:
Use the search regex pattern as a Record Separator (RS) in awk
This allows your regex to span \n-delimited lines (if you need it).

printf 'X \n moo X\n XX\n' | 
   awk -vRS='X[^X]*X' 'END{print (NR<2?0:NR-1)}'