GLFW cannot create a window: "GLX: Failed to create context: GLXBadFBConfig"

Question

I'm trying to create a glfw window in my Debian Stretch system.

The code for initialize glfw:

// Initialize GLFW  
void initGLFW()
{
    if (!glfwInit())
    {
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    glfwSetErrorCallback(errorCallback);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 4);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 0);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_FALSE);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, GL_FALSE);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_DEBUG_CONTEXT, GL_TRUE);

    window = glfwCreateWindow(WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT, "GLSL4.3 + GLM + VBO + VAO", NULL, NULL);
    if (!window)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to open GLFW window.\n");
        glfwTerminate();
        //system("pause");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
}

When I run the executable I get the messages above. Why?

GLX: Failed to create context: GLXBadFBConfig
Failed to open GLFW window.

Running with LIBGL_DEBUG=verbose I get this

libGL: Can't open configuration file /home/rafael/.drirc: No such file or directory.
libGL: pci id for fd 5: 8086:0a16, driver i965
libGL: OpenDriver: trying /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/tls/i965_dri.so
libGL: OpenDriver: trying /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/i965_dri.so
libGL: Can't open configuration file /home/rafael/.drirc: No such file or directory.
libGL: Using DRI3 for screen 0

Some useful infos:

$ lspci | grep VGA
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Haswell-ULT Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 0b)

$ glxinfo | grep version
server glx version string: 1.4
client glx version string: 1.4
GLX version: 1.4
    Max core profile version: 3.3
    Max compat profile version: 3.0
    Max GLES1 profile version: 1.1
    Max GLES[23] profile version: 3.0
OpenGL core profile version string: 3.3 (Core Profile) Mesa 11.2.2
OpenGL core profile shading language version string: 3.30
OpenGL version string: 3.0 Mesa 11.2.2
OpenGL shading language version string: 1.30
OpenGL ES profile version string: OpenGL ES 3.0 Mesa 11.2.2
OpenGL ES profile shading language version string: OpenGL ES GLSL ES 3.00

The initGLFW function is the first function called from main.

Solution

You are trying to create an OpenGL 4.0 Core profile context:

glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 4);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 0);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);

Your driver/OpenGL implementation only supports up to 3.3:

OpenGL core profile version string: 3.3 (Core Profile) Mesa 11.2.2
Max core profile version: 3.3

Mesa 11.2.2 could support OpenGL 4.1 but only on certain drivers (from the release notes of 11.0.0):

OpenGL 4.1 on radeonsi, nvc0

Mesa 12.0.0 seems to support OpenGL 4.3 on i965:

OpenGL 4.3 on nvc0, radeonsi, i965 (Gen8+)

The fix would be to update your graphics card, Mesa3D or to create a 3.3 context instead:

glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);