How do I set up PHP to send email on Apache? (Windows)
After further searching and testing, it appears that:
On Windows, PHP's mail() function doesn't necessarily need to hand email to another program on the same computer; it can connect to a mail server by itself
This, however, is inefficient and slow.
Setting up fake sendmail on the server machine and pointing
php.ini
'ssendmail_path
directive to it makes sending email much faster. Personally, I imaginesendmail.exe
chewing up the data into nice, digestible bits, and spitting into the mail server's mouth like a mother bird feeding her baby. Mmmm! But maybe I'm crazy.If you put
sendmail.exe
intoC:\usr\bin
, this allows some programs that expect to be run on a Unix-based OS to run on Windows
Here is some info in the PHP manual that helped me work this out.
Note: The Windows implementation of mail() differs in many ways from the Unix implementation. First, it doesn't use a local binary for composing messages but only operates on direct sockets which means a MTA is needed listening on a network socket (which can either on the localhost or a remote machine).
And...
Note: It is worth noting that the mail() function is not suitable for larger volumes of email in a loop. This function opens and closes an SMTP socket for each email, which is not very efficient. For the sending of large amounts of email, see the » PEAR::Mail, and » PEAR::Mail_Queue packages.
resotpvl
I code mostly in Ruby and Elixir. More about me at nathanmlong.com and Stackoverflow Careers.
Updated on September 17, 2022Comments
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resotpvl over 1 year
I am setting up an Apache server (2.2.14) on Windows, and borrowing ideas from an existing XAMPP configuration. I am now trying to set up email functionality for PHP (5.3.1). (It needs to be able to handle attachments, just like the XAMPP server can.)
I've noticed that XAMPP comes with fake sendmail for Windows, but several things about the configuration don't make sense to me.
Here are a couple of lines from XAMPP's
php.ini
:; For Unix only. You may supply arguments as well (default: "sendmail -t -i"). ;sendmail_path = "C:\xampp\sendmail\sendmail.exe -t"
This is weird because:
- It explicitly says "for Unix only," yet
- I keep seeing tutorials that say to use this line for Windows, and
- the example file path wouldn't even make sense in Unix
-
sendmail_path
is commented out by default
I wondered if
sendmail.exe
is even necessary. So on my custom Apache server, which doesn't havesendmail.exe
, I editedphp.ini
to add the correct information forSMTP
,smtp_port
, andsendmail_from
. With that, it was able to send mail! But it's very slow.Then I went back to the XAMPP server and renamed the
sendmail
directory, hoping to disable sendmail. That sort of worked - my PHP script claimed to have sent, but nothing happened.So I'm very confused.
- My XAMPP server has
sendmail_path
commented out, but apparently still uses the program it points to. How does it know? - My Apache server has nothing in
sendmail_path
, but can somehow send mail without it. How does it do that?
What do I actually need to do to configure the Apache server to send emails?
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Scott Alan Miller over 14 yearsSo what platform are you trying to use now? Is it Windows or UNIX currently?
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resotpvl over 14 yearsWindows - sorry, I should have said. Editing question.
- It explicitly says "for Unix only," yet
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resotpvl over 14 yearsMTA = 'mail transfer agent?' I know about
sendmail_path
; I wrote a whole paragraph about it and asked for some explanation. -
Scott Alan Miller over 14 yearsThought that you were looking at a different variable in a package rather than in php.ini
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François Breton over 5 yearsStill the best (only ?) way to email with php mail(). Sad that the fake sendmail.exe isn't developed anymore but it support TLS so its fine. I just wanted to say to exclude the folder from the anti-virus else it will be REALLY long to send an attachment.