How to compile a Visual Studio C# Project with Mono

Question

I'm new to this, and don't know where to start.

I want to compile a Visual Studio C# project with Mono on Linux (by command line).

The main.cs file includes these references:

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Drawing.Imaging;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Xml;
using iTextSharp.text;
using iTextSharp.text.pdf;

I have no idea whether I need to note the references to the compiler, or whether it will pull them in itself, whether it will know where to look for them or not. I've never done this before. But I just need to compile this project.

Thank you!

Solution 1

Have you tried xbuild? It's the MSBuild equivalent on the Mono world. If MSBuild is able to compile your project in Windows, xbuild should be able to do the same on Linux (if it doesn't, file a bug in Bugzilla).

UPDATE: Nowadays, Mono developers/packagers are in the process of bundling the original (and recently opensourced) MSBuild, which is now crossplatform. For example it's already available in the latest Mono installers for Mac, so you can use the command-line program msbuild to build your project/solutions (note: still a long way to go to be bundled by Linux distros because msbuild depends on nuget packages, aka binary blobs).

Solution 2

knocte is right, install mono-complete

apt-get install mono-complete

I don't know why but I had errors compling with only mono-xbuild installed,

and run from the command line :

xbuild yourvisualcsharpproject.csproj

Solution 3

You can build in visual studio and deploy on Linux and run under mono.Have a look on this article

Solution 4

Mono and .NET Framework are not equivalent in terms of features available.

For example, Mono provides cross platform functions but doesn't implement some windows linked features provided by .NET Framework. So you can't compile with .NET on windows and expect it to run smoothly on Unix/Mono: It may work but there is a high chance it will fail. In fact, the more complex the program, the highest is the chance (you used something not available in Mono).

Compilation with command line tool: Xbuild

If you want to compile a .sln/.csproj from command line against mono, then xbuild (mono clone of MSBuild) is the way to go :

xbuild mysolution.sln
xbuild myproject.csproj

The man page of xbuild on Ubuntu.

xbuild.exe is located in mono installation, most likely in:

C:\Program Files (x86)\Mono\lib\mono\4.5

Compile from IDE (VS)

You can compile against Mono on Windows, from Visual studio with MonoHelper addin (using xbuild underneath).

There is also another solution, which is targeting a "Mono" .NET Framework profile from visual studio. Following steps come from here.

Note: I've tried to change the location of the profile in 4.5 (but that doesn't work; either vs doesn't find it or it detects it as not installed) so always use the v4.0 directory to install a profile based on v4.0 VM. This limitation and the fact that the "Profile" thing has been discontinued makes me thinks that it won't work for higher version of Tools.

The same profile trick is being used for Unity by the way.

1. Create two registry keys:

   HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\.NETFramework\v4.0.30319\SKUs\.NETFramework,Version=v4.0,Profile=Mono

   HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\.NETFramework\v4.0.30319\SKUs\.NETFramework,Version=v4.0,Profile=Mono

2. Make a link to Mono directory inside of Microsoft References Assemblies Directory (you may need to run the following with administrator rights)

   cd "C:\Program Files (x86)\Reference Assemblies\Microsoft\Framework\.NETFramework\v4.0\Profile" mklink /d Mono "C:\Program Files (x86)\Mono\lib\mono\4.5" cd Mono mkdir RedistList cd RedistList notepad FrameworkList.xml

3. Edit FrameworkList.xml

Paste the following inside FrameworkList.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FileList  Redist="Mono-4.5" Name="Mono 4.5 Profile" RuntimeVersion="4.5" ToolsVersion="4.0" > </FileList>

4. Change the framework target in the project application tab within Visual Studio

Compile with MonoDevelop/Xamarin Studio

MonoDevelop runs on Unix and on Windows, and you can easily switch from .Net compile/debug/run to Mono compile/debug/run within the IDE. However, while MonoDevelop is quite efficient for a C# seasonal developer, it has not reached yet the power of Visual Studio coupled with Resharper.

Solution 5

Visual Studio Code and Mono / .NetCore

If you are into running/compiling/debugging C# on Linux, you now can use

• Visual Studio Code
• Mono Debug
• C# on VS Code

and if you want something with exactly the same api on linux and windows, you can use .Net Core

On the command line, to compile:

dotnet build <solution/project> 

or if you have only one project in the folder

dotnet build

and then

dotnet run

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