How to install a specific package version in Alpine?

Question

I have a Dockerfile to build a Docker image that is based on Alpine Linux. Now I need to install a package as part of this Dockerfile.

Currently I have:

RUN apk update && \
    apk upgrade && \
    apk add git

Apparently this is a bad idea, as the result is non-deterministic. Instead, it depends on the point in time at which I build the image, which version of git is getting installed.

What is the correct way of doing this?

I guess that I have to tell updated, upgrade and add which versions to use, but how do I do this?

I have seen that apk supports pinning of repositories, but that is not what I want (at least I think so), because I do not want to pin a repository, but a package.

In other words: If git could be installed via npm, I'd be able to run:

npm install [email protected]

(or whatever version I want to have). What is the equivalent to this for Alpine Linux?

Solution 1

You can set "sticky" versions like this:

# Both are equal
apk add packagename=1.2.3-suffix
apk add 'packagename<1.2.3-suffix'

That will upgrade packages only until the specified version. You can then safely use …

apk upgrade

to upgrade all packages, while packages with versions will remain with their version. To set a minimum version just use …

apk add "packagename>1.2.3-suffix"

In case you can't find a package, while you can see it in the UI for Alpine packages, update your sources/package database:

apk update

The package repository can be found here:

https://pkgs.alpinelinux.org/packages

Never pin packages from the "edge" branch of the alpine package repo, as these are in test and may be revoked. (At pkgs.alpinelinux.org/packages, click "edge" and change it to the alpine image version you use, and click "search" again.)

---

Additional info by cowlinator

Pinning a package to an exact version carries the risk that the package will be dropped from the repo, and your Dockerfile will fail to build in the future. The official recommendation can be read here, citation below.

Alternately, you could simply set a minimum package version instead of an exact version.

We don't at the moment have resources to store all built packages indefinitely in our infra. Thus we currently keep only the latest for each stable branch, and has always been like that.

…

There has been discussion of keep all packages tagged as Alpine in the future. However, this is still "in-progress". The official recommendation is to keep your own mirror / repository with all the specific package and their versions that you may want to use.

— Timo Teräs, @fabled (Alpine)

---

The complete Alpine Linux organisations repositories can be found on this self hosted GitLab instance.

Solution 2

Currently, there is no way to install arbitrary older versions of a package from official repositories in Alpine Linux. The best thing you can achieve is using repositories of the earlier releases:

# cat /etc/alpine-release
3.3.3

# echo 'http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.2/main' >> /etc/apk/repositories

# apk update
fetch http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.3/community/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
fetch http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.3/main/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
fetch http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.2/main/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz

# apk add bash==4.3.33-r0
(1/1) Updating pinning bash (4.3.33-r0)
OK: 13 MiB in 17 packages

# apk add bash==4.3.42-r3
(1/2) Upgrading bash (4.3.33-r0 -> 4.3.42-r3)
Executing bash-4.3.42-r3.post-upgrade
(2/2) Purging ncurses5-libs (5.9-r1)
Executing busybox-1.24.1-r7.trigger
OK: 13 MiB in 16 packages

Solution 3

The syntax for pinning alpine packages with apk is apk add packageName=x.y.z.

To set a minimum version, use apk add packageName>x.y.z

Example:

FROM alpine:3.3
RUN apk update && apk upgrade
RUN apk add --no-cache \
  git=2.8.6-r0 \
  bash=4.3.42-r6 \
  python3=3.5.1-r0

However, the official Alpine package repo can drop any package version from any branch. This means that if you pin your package to an exact version in your Dockerfile, your Dockerfile may not work in the future.

The official recommendation for pinning exact package versions is to keep your own mirror / repository with all the specific package and their versions that you may want to use.

Alternately, you could use a minimum package version instead of a exact pinned package version.

Solution 4

Vlad Frolov already gave the answer. I am writing the docker solution. I was trying to add some package from the v3.8 repository.

• Browse the old archive http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/ and get the specific repository version of your software.
• After getting the repository version, add the version on your docker file

• Specify exact version of your package from the repository

  RUN echo 'http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.8/main' >> /etc/apk/repositories
  RUN apk update
  RUN apk --no-cache add ca-certificates=20190108-r0 gettext=0.19.8.1-r2 postfix=3.3.0-r4 rsyslog=8.34.0-r1 libsasl=2.1.26-r15
  

Solution 5

Because I was using the testing repo. I ended up building my own copy. Steps:

Go to package details. Ex:

https://pkgs.alpinelinux.org/package/edge/testing/armhf/watchman

Click on the commit, click on the APKBUILD file links and "Log" on the menu to get the commit log of the APKBUILD file. Then choose a commit for your APKBUILD file and download it. Ex:

https://git.alpinelinux.org/cgit/aports/tree/testing/watchman/APKBUILD?id=63f5e7d295659a855709901ce22a3e5f40fce455

Install the build tools:

apk -U add alpine-sdk

You need to be not root user so create a packager user with password:

adduser -D packager && addgroup packager abuild
passwd packager

Then build it as packager in the same directory as the APKBUILD file:

su - packager
abuild-keygen -a -i
abuild -r

You might need to figure out errors and install dependencies. In my example, I needed to do this on my existing Docker image as root:

apk add python-dev

After a successful build as packager, install it as root:

apk add /home/packager/packages/<something...>/watchman-4.7.0-r0.apk --allow-untrusted

Not sure how to remove the --allow-untrusted part, but the steps worked for me.

View more solutions

Comments

[Travis Reeder]

Are you sure this works? From this thread, it seems that it doesn't actually do anything: forum.alpinelinux.org/forum/general-discussion/…

[Luigi Ranghetti]

@TravisR Take a look at the Alpine APK docs here.

[DUzun]

In my case, it helped to just downgrade from alpine 3.7 to alpine 3.6!

[Mike D]

Semver tilde ranges also work as in apk add ansible~=2.4.1 meaning >=2.4.1 <2.5.0. Check out jubianchi.github.io/semver-check to test your own ranges.

[Egel]

The repo with the list of available packages pkgs.alpinelinux.org/packages was the most helpful for me.

[Will Vousden]

Beware that pinning a version at a specific version is likely to break, since Alpine has a habit of deleting old package versions: medium.com/@stschindler/…

[Luigi Ranghetti]

@WillVousden Have you read this comment here? They do not delete packages, but you need to carefully craft your Docker images.

[cowlinator]

@ WillVousden @ kaiser, in particular, never pin packages from the "edge" branch of the alpine package repo, as these are in test and may be revoked. At pkgs.alpinelinux.org/packages , click "edge" and change it to the alpine image version you use, and click "search" again.

[Luigi Ranghetti]

@cowlinator That's pretty good advice! Could you please file an edit as comments get cleaned up from time to time and aren't read by everyone. Thanks in advance!

[cowlinator]

This shows an example of how to pull from the v3.2 branch of the Alpine package repo while using v3.3 Alpine Linux. Be aware that mixing branches/versions is not officially supported.

[cowlinator]

Note: turns out that packages on all branches, not just "edge" branch, can be dropped from the repo. Submitted an answer edit request. See gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/abuild/-/issues/9996 for details.

[Luigi Ranghetti]

@cowlinator While your edit was rejected by some users (it deleted other relevant info), I added it in addition to the other information at the end of the question. Imho it's good to know information. Thanks for your efforts there!

[Francesco Colista]

You can remove the --allow-untrusted part by copying the public rsa key produced by the command abuild-keygen -a -i you stated before into the machine were you are going to add the package, into /etc/apk/keys path. apk finds the key used to sign the package of "packager" user and is able to verify it.

[Sliq]

Why are people upvoting this? It doesnt work! Alpine always comes with a fixed version of each tool, so installing tool in v 1.2.3 is not possible if the bundled version is 1.2.1. Bizarre!

[sparrowt]

@MikeD thanks, I found that apk add samba~=4.14.8-r0 didn't work (with or without the -r0) when only 4.14.12-r0 was available - however apk add samba~=4.14 did work. The former should work AFAICS but either way posting this in case it helps anyone - i.e. you may need to omit the patch portion of the version.