How to invoke Objective-C method from Javascript and send back data to Javascript in iOS?

Question

In iOS, how can I call an Objective-C method from Javascript in a UIWebView and have it send data back to the Javascript? I know that this could be done on OS X using the Webkit library, but is this possible on iOS? How does PhoneGap achieve this?

Solution 1

There is an API to call JavaScript directly from Objective-C, but you cannot call Objective-C directly from Javascript.

How to tell your Objective-C code to do something from the Javascript in your WebView

You have to serialize your Javascript action into a special URL and intercept that URL in the UIWebView's delegate's shouldStartLoadWithRequest method.

- (BOOL)webView:(UIWebView *)webView
        shouldStartLoadWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request
                    navigationType:(UIWebViewNavigationType)navigationType;

There you can deserialize that special URL and interpret it to do what you want on the Objective-C side. (You should return NO in the above shouldStartLoadWithRequest method so the UIWebView doesn't use your bogus URL to actually make an HTTP request to load a webpage.)

How to Run Javascript Code from Objective-C

Then you can run Javascript from Objective-C by calling this method on your webview.

- (NSString *)stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:(NSString *)script;

Example Code

I recommend using a bogus URL scheme so it will be easy to tell the difference between your action URLs and legit requests. You can make this request in the Javascript along these lines:

// JavaScript to send an action to your Objective-C code
var myAppName = 'myfakeappname';
var myActionType = 'myJavascriptActionType';
var myActionParameters = {}; // put extra info into a dict if you need it

// (separating the actionType from parameters makes it easier to parse in ObjC.)
var jsonString = (JSON.stringify(myActionParameters));
var escapedJsonParameters = escape(jsonString);
var url = myAppName + '://' + myActionType + "#" + escapedJsonParameters;
document.location.href = url;

Then in the UIWebView.delegate's shouldStartLoadWithRequest method, you can inspect the URL scheme and fragment to check if it's a normal request or one of your special actions. (The fragment of a URL is what comes after the #.)

- (BOOL)webView:(UIWebView *)webView
        shouldStartLoadWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request
                    navigationType:(UIWebViewNavigationType)navigationType {

    // these need to match the values defined in your JavaScript
    NSString *myAppScheme = @"myfakeappname";
    NSString *myActionType = @"myJavascriptActionType";

    // ignore legit webview requests so they load normally
    if (![request.URL.scheme isEqualToString:myAppScheme]) {
        return YES;
    }

    // get the action from the path
    NSString *actionType = request.URL.host;
    // deserialize the request JSON
    NSString *jsonDictString = [request.URL.fragment stringByReplacingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding];

    // look at the actionType and do whatever you want here
    if ([actionType isEqualToString:myActionType]) {
        // do something in response to your javascript action
        // if you used an action parameters dict, deserialize and inspect it here
    }


    // make sure to return NO so that your webview doesn't try to load your made-up URL
    return NO;
}

(Read this answer if you need help deserializing your json string into an NSDictionary.)

Solution 2

Changing page's location can cause several issues:

1. All setInterval and setTimeout immediatly stop on location change
2. Every innerHTML won’t work after a canceled location change!
3. You may get other really weird bugs, really hard to diagnose …

The solution, as offered here, is:

Keep using the same URL technique (on js and objective-c), just change the location with an iframe:

 var iframe = document.createElement("IFRAME");
 iframe.setAttribute("src", "js-frame:myObjectiveCFunction";
 document.documentElement.appendChild(iframe);
 iframe.parentNode.removeChild(iframe);
 iframe = null;

Hope that helps

Solution 3

From Objective-C: You can pass a javascript function in a string to UIWebView. The web page will execute it and return a result. This way you can pass variables and get data back from Javascript.

- (NSString *)stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:(NSString *)script

Example:

NSString *script = @"document.getElementById('myTextField').value";
NSString *output = [myWebView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:script];

From Javascript: Pass your data inside the URL. Intercept URL requests in UIWebViewDelegate. Get the data and abort URL request by returning NO.

<script>window.location = "url://key1/value1"; </script>

Intercept the URL request

- (BOOL)webView:(UIWebView *)webView shouldStartLoadWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request navigationType:(UIWebViewNavigationType)navigationType