How to monitor a folder and trigger a command-line action when a file is created or edited?

Question

I need to set up some sort of a script on my Vista machine, so that whenever a file is added to a particular folder, it automatically triggers a background process that operates on the file. (The background process is just a command-line utility that takes the file name as an argument, along with some other predefined options.)

I'd like to do this using native Windows features, if possible, for performance and maintenance reasons. I've looked into using Task Scheduler, but after perusing the trigger system for a while, I haven't been able to make much sense of it, and I'm not even sure if it's capable of doing what I need.

I'd appreciate any suggestions. Thanks!

Solution 1

At work we use Powershell to monitor folders.
It can be used since Windows Vista (.NET and PowerShell is preinstalled) without any additional tools.

This script monitors a certain folder and writes a logfile. You can replace the action and do whatever you want e.g call an external tool

Example log file

11/23/2014 19:22:04, Created, D:\source\New Text Document.txt
11/23/2014 19:22:09, Changed, D:\source\New Text Document.txt
11/23/2014 19:22:09, Changed, D:\source\New Text Document.txt
11/23/2014 19:22:14, Deleted, D:\source\New Text Document.txt

StartMonitoring.ps1

### SET FOLDER TO WATCH + FILES TO WATCH + SUBFOLDERS YES/NO
    $watcher = New-Object System.IO.FileSystemWatcher
    $watcher.Path = "D:\source"
    $watcher.Filter = "*.*"
    $watcher.IncludeSubdirectories = $true
    $watcher.EnableRaisingEvents = $true  

### DEFINE ACTIONS AFTER AN EVENT IS DETECTED
    $action = { $path = $Event.SourceEventArgs.FullPath
                $changeType = $Event.SourceEventArgs.ChangeType
                $logline = "$(Get-Date), $changeType, $path"
                Add-content "D:\log.txt" -value $logline
              }    
### DECIDE WHICH EVENTS SHOULD BE WATCHED 
    Register-ObjectEvent $watcher "Created" -Action $action
    Register-ObjectEvent $watcher "Changed" -Action $action
    Register-ObjectEvent $watcher "Deleted" -Action $action
    Register-ObjectEvent $watcher "Renamed" -Action $action
    while ($true) {sleep 5}

How to use

1. Create a new text file
2. Copy & paste the above code
3. Change the following settings to your own needs:
   • folder to monitor: $watcher.Path = "D:\source"
   • file filter to include only certain file types: $watcher.Filter = "*.*"
   • include subdirectories yes/no: $watcher.IncludeSubdirectories = $true
4. Save and rename it to StartMonitoring.ps1
5. Start monitoring by Right click » Execute with PowerShell

To stop monitoring, it's enough to close your PowerShell window

Further reading

• Documentation for PowerShell's FileSystemWatcher
• Documentation for PowerShell's Register-Event
• Inspirations for script

Solution 2

Thanks all, for the suggestions.

I ended up writing a VBScript that was roughly based on Linker3000's idea of polling the folder, and using the Task Scheduler to have it run on startup. I ended up getting the basic syntax from this resource and made the requisite tweaks.

I'd still like to optimize it at some point, having the guts of the script run on an event-driven system, but I've run out of time to work on it, and, well, this is good enough.

Here's the script, in case anyone's interested (with the irrelevant conversion segment redacted for clarity):

' FOLDER TO MONITOR
strFolder = "J:\monitored-folder"

' FREQUENCY TO CHECK IT, IN SECONDS
nFrequency = 10

strComputer = "."
strQueryFolder = Replace(strFolder, "\", "\\\\")
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:" & "{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" &     strComputer & "\root\cimv2") 
Set colMonitoredEvents = objWMIService.ExecNotificationQuery ("SELECT * FROM __InstanceCreationEvent WITHIN " & nFrequency & " WHERE Targetinstance ISA 'CIM_DirectoryContainsFile' and TargetInstance.GroupComponent='Win32_Directory.Name=""" & strQueryFolder & """'") 

Do 
    Set objLatestEvent = colMonitoredEvents.NextEvent
    strNewFile = objLatestEvent.TargetInstance.PartComponent
    arrNewFile = Split(strNewFile, "=")
    strFilePath = arrNewFile(1)
    strFilePath = Replace(strFilePath, "\\", "\")
    strFilePath = Replace(strFilePath, Chr(34), "")
    strFileName = Replace(strFilePath, strFolder, "")
    strTempFilePath = WScript.CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject").GetSpecialFolder(2) & "\TEMP.M4A"

    ' DO THE OPERATION STUFF
    ' ...
Loop

(Also, I don't want to leave this question officially unanswered -- and I hate to accept my own answer to the question -- but I did upvote Linker3000's answer as a thanks!)

Solution 3

You seem to be on the right lines - you could use the task scheduler to run a .bat or .cmd file on a regular basis and that file could start with a line to check for the existence of the required file - in fact, I'd check for the non existence of the file; for example:

@ECHO OFF
REM Example file
IF NOT EXIST C:\SOMEWHERE\SUBFOLDER\THISFILE.THS EXIT 1
REM All this gets done if the file exists...
:
:
EXIT 0

You could also modify this code and have it run in a loop with a, say, 1 minute delay in the loop and then put a reference to the batch file in the Windows startup folder:

@ECHO OFF
REM Example file
:LOOP    
IF NOT EXIST C:\SOMEWHERE\SUBFOLDER\THISFILE.THS GOTO SKIP01
REM All this gets done if the file exists...
:
:
:SKIP01
REM Crafty 1 minute delay...
PING 1.1.1.1 -n 10 -w 6000 >NUL
GOTO LOOP

There are other ways of achieving a delay according to the version of Windows running and what additional resource kits have been installed, but the PING command pretty much works under all circumstances. In the PING command above, 10 phantom PINGS are executed with a delay of 6000ms (ie: 6 seconds) between them, you can play with these values to achieve the delay you need between batch file loops.

Solution 4

If the action is just to copy changed files, you can use robocopy /MON:1

I don't know if robocopy uses FileSystemWatcher or works by polling for changes.

Solution 5

Also found watchman that seems to be pretty big, and a smaller watchexec I haven't tried.

Watchman feels nice and programmatic. A CLI utility for power users.

View more solutions

Comments

[Keith]

Sounds like you need somethink like Linux's inotify, but for windows. Jnotify might help, but since it's Java might be too heavyweight.

[Keith]

I was wondering about this too... found the [MSDN page](msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa365261(VS.85).a‌​spx).

[Sun]

Link above has ) after aspx: msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa365261(VS.85).aspx

[barlop]

nice idea.. btw, C:\>ping 1.1.1.1 -n 10 -w 6000 for some reason took 1min 10 seconds on my computer. but -n 1 -w 60000 took 1min exactly.

[Thu Rein]

@barlop - the ten second discrepancy is due to the -n 10 vs -n 1.

[barlop]

@Randolph Potter Isn't 10 lots of 6 seconds, 60 seconds? and -n 10 that you use, should mean 10 times.

[Thu Rein]

You're probably right. I take it back and blame my blond hair.

[Snekse]

I ended up using this loop for a monitoring batch IF NOT EXIST C:\NO_SUCH_FILE_EVER.foo. Hackish, but it works. Thanks for the idea.

[Paul Matthews]

Was thinking about using this software. Would you trust it to monitor a network share with important files from many users?

[Jan Stanstrup]

Works nicely but what is the function of the stop script? I get on errors: "Unregister-Event : Cannot bind argument to parameter 'SourceIdentifier' because it is null." pastebin.com/ugLB3a69

[nixda]

@JanStanstrup I probably confused more people with the second script. I'll delete it. It's enough to simply close your StartWatching.ps1 window to stop the monitoring. The second script does only work if you include it in your first script to save the variables $created, $changed, $deleted or $renamed

[geisterfurz007]

Now that 1.1.1.1 is an actually used IP, you will have to use another IP address or timeout for a not so exact timeout.

[PeterCo]

The free version of Watch4Folder has only one "sample" entry which can be configured.

[mayank1513]

Thanks for the answer. Can anyone suggest if we could use cmd prompt as I want to upload the files to github when changed

[Roland]

Error: Invalid Parameter: /mon

[weberjn]

/mon:1 docs.microsoft.com/de-de/windows-server/administration/…

[Roland]

ok, the option is not /MON, but /MON:1. I tried, and the default is also /MOT:1, for polling every 1 minute. /MOT:0 also polls every 1 minute. This clears up the issue of FileSystemWatcher: no, it does polling.

[Scott R]

quite a few similar file and dir monitors at portablefreeware.com/index.php?sc=65

[Sun]

What's your point though? Did you see if any of the programs do what the OP wants? Otherwise, what's the point of linking to a bunch of folder watch programs... Dive deeper and provide an answer.

[Stack Underflow]

Combining this answer with A PowerShell Windows service, you won't have to leave a PowerShell window open to watch a directory.