How to programmatically change volume in Ubuntu

Question

How do you programmatically change volume in Gnome on Ubuntu, either from the command line or an API (Python preferrably)?

The only answers I found to similar questions use amixer, which seems to have no effect on Ubuntu 12.04. Running:

amixer set Headphone 10-

shows:

Simple mixer control 'Headphone',0
  Capabilities: pvolume pswitch penum
  Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
  Limits: Playback 0 - 115
  Mono:
  Front Left: Playback 0 [57%] [-57.50dB] [on]
  Front Right: Playback 0 [57%] [-57.50dB] [on]

The x% changes each time I run it. Unfortunately, it has no effect on the actual volume. Eventually it says 0%, but volume is still at full blast.

The other downside is I have to specify the exact active output device, which I might not know if there are multiple devices. For example, if I have a "Master" and "Headphone", how do I determine which one is the active device?

Solution 1

Ubuntu uses pulseaudio as sounderver. It can be controlled from the command line using the pactl and pacmd utilities, for example:

pactl set-sink-volume 0 20%

would set the volume of the sink #0 to 20%.

see: man pactl and pacmd help

---

edit:

to avoid -xx being interpreted as command line option you must prefix it with --. That stops option parsing from that point:

pactl set-sink-volume 0 -- -20%    # or:
pactl -- set-sink-volume 0 -20%    # doesn't matter where the `--` goes

Solution 2

I do it using ALSA mixer. You probably need to download python-alsaaudio

sudo apt-get install python-alsaaudio

Then to control volume,

import alsaaudio
m = alsaaudio.Mixer()   # defined alsaaudio.Mixer to change volume
m.setvolume(50) # set volume
vol = m.getvolume() # get volume float value

Read http://pyalsaaudio.sourceforge.net/libalsaaudio.html to know about alsaaudio library in details.

Solution 3

amixer command worked in Ubuntu 13.04,

Increase volume by 5%
amixer -D pulse sset Master 5%+

Decrease volume by 5%
amixer -D pulse sset Master 5%-

pactl or pacmd did not work for me correctly in Ubuntu 13.04.

Solution 4

Dirty snippet to read volume (don't forget volume goes past "100%" on ubuntu - at which point this returns ~0.66).

#!/usr/bin/python
import subprocess

vol = int(filter(lambda l: l.startswith('set-sink-volume'),
          subprocess.check_output(["pacmd","dump"])
          .split('\n'))[0]
          .split()[-1],16)/100000.

print vol

Solution 5

I can recommend this tool that controls pulseaudio: https://github.com/graysky2/pulseaudio-ctl

me@mypc ~ $ pulseaudio-ctl
pulseaudio-ctl v1.63

/usr/bin/pulseaudio-ctl {up,down,mute,mute-input,set,atmost,full-status} [n]

Where up and down adjust volume in ±5 % increments
Where up and down [n] adjust volume in ±n % increments
Where mute toggles the mute status on/off
Where mute-input toggles the input status on/off
Where set set the volume to [n] %
Where atmost only takes effect if current volume is higher than [n]
Where full-status prints volume level, sink and source mute state to stdout

Optionally, redefine an upper threshold in /home/me/.config/pulseaudio-ctl/config

Volume level     : 80 %
Is sink muted    : no
Is source muted  : no
Detected sink    : 1
Detected source  : 3
Pulse version    : 8.0
me@mypc ~ $ 

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Comments

[aland]

Just a guess: does amixer set Master 10- works? Changing master volume would affect all other channels. as far as I know.

[jfs]

@aland: amixer set Master 10- works.

[Cerin]

amixer has no effect, regardless of which device I specify...

[Cerin]

How do you set relative volume changes? The manpage says "If the volume specification start with a + or - the volume adjustment will be relative to the current sink volume." but doing pactl set-sink-volume 0 -10% gives me the error "pactl: invalid option -- '1'"

[mata]

@Cerin - that's a common problem with option parsing in the shell... updated my answer.

[Cerin]

Thanks for the clarification.

[Froyo]

I know but I'm using ubuntu 12.04 and this is still working. So, I guess you can use this.

[Cerin]

Weird. I'm also using 12.04, on a macbook, and none of the alsa utilities work for me. However, all the pulseaudio utils work perfectly...

[dom0]

Pulseaudio will never talk to hardware directly, it'll still use ALSA for a reasonably long time. And, not everyone is using pulseaudio or is going to use pulseaudio.

[Cubic]

@dom0 This still doesn't actually work for me though. Setting the volume doesn't do anything.

[dom0]

If you use Pulseaudio, you need to explicitly specify the card ID (usually 0) as you would want to use alsamixer [passing cardindex=0 to alsaaudio.Mixer]. If you don't you'll automatically connect to pulseaudio via some wrapper library (the emulated ALSA mixers you'll get from PA cannot change system volume). I used that with success to read and change the volume while using Pulseaudio: github.com/enkore/i3pystatus/blob/master/i3pystatus/alsa.py#‌​L41

[Honza]

Has no effect on Ubuntu 12.

[Michael Butler]

This worked for me in Ubuntu 13.04 (also posted as answer below, please upvote for visibility). amixer -D pulse sset Master 5%+

[VasiliNovikov]

Both the proposed amixer set Master 10- and your commands work for me, thanks!

[PVH]

@mata - Can we check the sink-volume using command. means how much percent it is.

[mata]

pacmd dump-volumes produces some output, but it's not really friendly to parse (writes welcome and command prompts to stdout). Alternatively, amixer -D pulse get Master may be an option...