In Python, how do I decode GZIP encoding?
Solution 1
I use zlib to decompress gzipped content from web.
import zlib
import urllib
f=urllib.request.urlopen(url)
decompressed_data=zlib.decompress(f.read(), 16+zlib.MAX_WBITS)
Solution 2
Decompress your byte stream using the built-in gzip module.
If you have any problems, do show the exact minimal code that you used, the exact error message and traceback, together with the result of print repr(your_byte_stream[:100])
Further information
1. For an explanation of the gzip/zlib/deflate confusion, read the "Other uses" section of this Wikipedia article.
2. It can be easier to use the zlib module than the gzip module if you have a string rather than a file. Unfortunately the Python docs are incomplete/wrong:
zlib.decompress(string[, wbits[, bufsize]])
...The absolute value of wbits is the base two logarithm of the size of the history buffer (the “window size”) used when compressing data. Its absolute value should be between 8 and 15 for the most recent versions of the zlib library, larger values resulting in better compression at the expense of greater memory usage. The default value is 15. When wbits is negative, the standard gzip header is suppressed; this is an undocumented feature of the zlib library, used for compatibility with unzip‘s compression file format.
Firstly, 8 <= log2_window_size <= 15, with the meaning given above. Then what should be a separate arg is kludged on top:
arg == log2_window_size means assume string is in zlib format (RFC 1950; what the HTTP 1.1 RFC 2616 confusingly calls "deflate").
arg == -log2_window_size means assume string is in deflate format (RFC 1951; what people who didn't read the HTTP 1.1 RFC carefully actually implemented)
arg == 16 + log_2_window_size means assume string is in gzip format (RFC 1952). So you can use 31.
The above information is documented in the zlib C library manual ... Ctrl-F search for windowBits
.
Solution 3
For Python 3
Try out this:
import gzip
fetch = opener.open(request) # basically get a response object
data = gzip.decompress(fetch.read())
data = str(data,'utf-8')
Solution 4
I use something like that:
f = urllib2.urlopen(request)
data = f.read()
try:
from cStringIO import StringIO
from gzip import GzipFile
data2 = GzipFile('', 'r', 0, StringIO(data)).read()
data = data2
except:
#print "decompress error %s" % err
pass
return data
Solution 5
If you use the Requests
module, then you don't need to use any other modules because the gzip
and deflate
transfer-encodings are automatically decoded for you.
Example:
>>> import requests
>>> custom_header = {'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip'}
>>> response = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events', headers=custom_header)
>>> response.headers
{'Content-Encoding': 'gzip',...}
>>> response.text
'[{"id":"9134429130","type":"IssuesEvent","actor":{"id":3287933,...
The .text
property of the response is for reading the content in the text context.
The .content
property of the response is for reading the content in the binary context.
See the Binary Response Content section on docs.python-requests.org
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TIMEX
Updated on August 20, 2020Comments
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TIMEX over 3 years
I downloaded a webpage in my python script. In most cases, this works fine.
However, this one had a response header: GZIP encoding, and when I tried to print the source code of this web page, it had all symbols in my putty.
How do decode this to regular text?
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DataGreed almost 12 yearscould you please comment what the second argument for decompress is for? And why is it so...well... strange?
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YOU almost 12 years@DataGreed, Second argument is for window size, please refer to John Machin's Answer below.
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soulmachine almost 9 yearsAwesome! You saved my life :D
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jfs almost 9 yearsyou could use
GzipFile
to decompress on-the-fly. Note: earlier versions ofGzipFile
've usedseek()
but it is fixed now. -
m3nda almost 8 years@SamP I think because doesn't work as is, doesn't explain anything. I've you try it u'll get few errors for sure. That's not an valid answer at all.
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WeizhongTu almost 8 yearsI just like
requests
package, which could handlegzip
automatically -
WeizhongTu almost 8 years@SamP just use
urllib3.response.GzipDecoder().decompress(gzip_data)
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Ciprian Tomoiagă over 7 years@WeizhongTu can you make
requests
handlegzip
when it is not specified in the headers ? -
Luc over 4 yearsNote that the "opener" thing is optional, to decode a file you can just:
data = gzip.decompress(open("my.file", "rb").read()); mystring = str(data, "utf-8")