Java Refuses to Start - Could not reserve enough space for object heap

Question

Background

We have a pool of aproximately 20 linux blades. Some are running Suse, some are running Redhat. ALL share NAS space which contains the following 3 folders:

• /NAS/app/java - a symlink that points to an installation of a Java JDK. Currently version 1.5.0_10
• /NAS/app/lib - a symlink that points to a version of our application.
• /NAS/data - directory where our output is written

All our machines have 2 processors (hyperthreaded) with 4gb of physical memory and 4gb of swap space. We limit the number of 'jobs' each machine can process at a given time to 6 (this number likely needs to change, but that does not enter into the current problem so please ignore it for the time being).

Some of our jobs set a Max Heap size of 512mb, some others reserve a Max Heap size of 2048mb. Again, we realize we could go over our available memory if 6 jobs started on the same machine with the heap size set to 2048, but to our knowledge this has not yet occurred.

The Problem

Once and a while a Job will fail immediately with the following message:

Error occurred during initialization of VM
Could not reserve enough space for object heap
Could not create the Java virtual machine.

We used to chalk this up to too many jobs running at the same time on the same machine. The problem happened infrequently enough (MAYBE once a month) that we'd just restart it and everything would be fine.

The problem has recently gotten much worse. All of our jobs which request a max heap size of 2048m fail immediately almost every time and need to get restarted several times before completing.

We've gone out to individual machines and tried executing them manually with the same result.

Debugging

It turns out that the problem only exists for our SuSE boxes. The reason it has been happening more frequently is becuase we've been adding more machines, and the new ones are SuSE.

'cat /proc/version' on the SuSE boxes give us:

Linux version 2.6.5-7.244-bigsmp (geeko@buildhost) (gcc version 3.3.3 (SuSE Linux)) #1 SMP Mon Dec 12 18:32:25 UTC 2005

'cat /proc/version' on the RedHat boxes give us:

Linux version 2.4.21-32.0.1.ELsmp ([email protected]) (gcc version 3.2.3 20030502 (Red Hat Linux 3.2.3-52)) #1 SMP Tue May 17 17:52:23 EDT 2005

'uname -a' gives us the following on BOTH types of machines:

UTC 2005 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux

No jobs are running on the machine, and no other processes are utilizing much memory. All of the processes currently running might be using 100mb total.

'top' currently shows the following:

Mem:   4146528k total,  3536360k used,   610168k free,   132136k buffers
Swap:  4194288k total,        0k used,  4194288k free,  3283908k cached

'vmstat' currently shows the following:

procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- ----cpu----
r  b   swpd   free   buff  cache   si   so    bi    bo   in    cs us sy id wa
0  0      0 610292 132136 3283908    0    0     0     2   26    15  0  0 100  0

If we kick off a job with the following command line (Max Heap of 1850mb) it starts fine:

java/bin/java -Xmx1850M -cp helloworld.jar HelloWorld
Hello World

If we bump up the max heap size to 1875mb it fails:

java/bin/java -Xmx1875M -cp helloworld.jar HelloWorld
Error occurred during initialization of VM
Could not reserve enough space for object heap
Could not create the Java virtual machine.

It's quite clear that the memory currently being used is for Buffering/Caching and that's why so little is being displayed as 'free'. What isn't clear is why there is a magical 1850mb line where anything higher means Java can't start.

Any explanations would be greatly appreciated.

Solution 1

You're using a 32-bit OS, so you're going to be seeing limits on the total size due to that. Other answers have covered this in more detail, so I'll avoid repeating their information.

A behaviour that I noticed with our servers recently is that specifying a maximum heap size with -Xmx while not specifying a minimum heap size with -Xms would lead to Java's server VM immediately attempting to allocate all of the memory needed for the maximum heap size. And sure, if the app gets up to that heap size, that's the amount of memory that you'll need. But the chances are, your apps will be starting out with comparitively small heaps and may require the larger heap at some later point. Additionally specifying the minimum heap size will let you start your app start with a smaller heap and gradually grow that heap.

All of this isn't going to help you increase your maximum heap size, but I figured it might help, so...

Solution 2

As suggested in other responses the problem is causes by exhaustion of virtual address space. A 32bit linux userspace program is usually limited to 3GB of AS; the remaining 1GB is used by the kernel (rationale: since the top 1GB is kernel fixed mapping it's not necessary to touch the page table when serving syscalls).

RHEL kernels, however, implement the so called 4GB/4GB split where the full 4GB AS is available to userspace processes at cost of a slight runtime overhead (the kernel lives in a separate 4GB virtual AS)

Solution 3

Running a 32-bit OS is a mistake; you should definitely upgrade at the earliest convenience.

I don't know whether Java requires its heap to be in a single contiguous chunk, but if it does, asking for 1.8G of heap on a 32-bit box sounds like a tall order. You're assuming that there is a chunk of address space, almost half of it, free at JVM startup time.

Depending on what other libraries are loaded at the time, there may not be. Libraries can allocate memory anywhere they like, so it could fragment your address space sufficiently that 1.8G is not available in one chunk.

There is only about 3G address space max available on Linux 32-bit anyway. Libraries and the JVM itself uses some to start with.

Solution 4

ulimit max memory size and virtual memory set to unlimited?

Solution 5

I wrote two applications, one medium sized, and the other, fairly small. I'd fire up the medium sized one (on linux, centos), without any args, (java server), and it would run just fine. But when I then fired up the smaller app with "java client", it would tell me it couldn't reserve enough space, and wouldn't run. I experimented, and used the -Xms and -Xmx both with 10m, and they would both run without complaint... Go figure!

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