JWT and CSRF differences

Question

I've been reading about JWT, and from what I understand, it's a token that the server sends after a user logs in. The user will have to send that token with all future HTTP requests. This creates a stateless way for the server to verify a user's request.

Now what I don't understand is that if the JWT is sent in the header and marked as HTTP only, why is a CSRF token also needed for prevention of CSRF attacks? My understanding is that both JWT and CSRF tokens are tied to a user, and that a JWT would serve both purposes.

I understand that CSRF tokens are used so HTTP requests from other sites won't be accepted. How does a JWT not accomplish that? What separates a CSRF token from a JWT token, and allows it to accomplish that difference?

I've been reading articles on JWT's and CSRF tokens as well as the double submit method, but there is just something I can't seem to understand or I'm missing.

Solution 1

An authentication system based on tokens (JWT or random) stored in cookies is vulnerable to CSRF attacks, because cookies are sent automatically to server in each request and an attacker could build a harmful url link to your site.

https://yoursite.com/delete?something=1

To protect your site it is needed to use a CSRF token that your application must send in the following request (not in a cookie).

Alternatively you could store the JWT in localStorage and send it in a Authorization header, then your site is protected against CSRF, but it could be vulnerable to XSS attacks. Take in account always the security considerations of the technical solution you choose

Update ¿why storing JWT in localstorage could be vulnerable to XSS attacks?

See this comparison between storing tokens in localstorage and http-only cookies https://academind.com/tutorials/localstorage-vs-cookies-xss

An attacker could inject javascript code to read the token from the localstorage and send it to his own server. However, this type of attack is not possible with an http-only cookie because it is not accessible from javascript

Solution 2

All your questions are relative to the fact that a CSRF token in NEVER included in a cookie and that a JWT token MAY be sent in a cookie.

A JWT token can be sent:

1- in a cookie

2- in another type of header

3- outside the headers, in some POST attribute

4- outside the headers, in some GET parameter (not very common)

But for stateless authentication, you MUST use cookie (case 1).

So, for stateless authentication, you are prone to CSRF, with your JWT token. This is why you need to add some CSRF mitigation mechanism, based on some more information not included in a cookie, or not only included in a cookie.

All of this would not apply if you were accepting to implement a stateful authentication.