Line breaks in R Markdown text (not code blocks)
Solution 1
I tried these tests, it seems to be working:
test.Rmd
---
output: pdf_document
---
# test 1
No spaces used
line1
line2
# test 2
2spaces at the end of line1
line1
line2
# test 3
2spaces at the end of line1, then 2 spaces on next line
line1
line2
sessionInfo()
R version 3.2.0 (2015-04-16)
Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit)
Running under: Windows 7 x64 (build 7601) Service Pack 1
locale:
[1] LC_COLLATE=English_United Kingdom.1252 LC_CTYPE=English_United Kingdom.1252
[3] LC_MONETARY=English_United Kingdom.1252 LC_NUMERIC=C
[5] LC_TIME=English_United Kingdom.1252
attached base packages:
[1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base
loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
[1] htmltools_0.2.6 tools_3.2.0 yaml_2.1.13 rmarkdown_0.5.1 digest_0.6.8
Solution 2
It's a rather old question, but I post an answer since it's the first hit when googling for "line breaks in rmarkdown".
If compiling to pdf, you can use latex macros. Substitute the **
in the new line with \hfill\break
:
# Introduction
The Tufte-\LaTeX\ [^tufte_latex] document**
\hfill\break
classes define a style similar to the style Edward Tufte uses in his books...
Solution 3
The best way I have found to add blank lines is:
# First title
<br><br><br><br><br>
# Second title with 5 blank spaces above it
You can try this, hopefully it helps. I have tested in html_documents only, but presumably it would work in pdf as well.
Solution 4
You can also use native LaTeX instructions if you use Knit to generate the PDF output. This would break the other output formats such as HTML though... :
e.g. :
In Markdown part
---
output: pdf_document
---
# test 1
No spaces used
line1\linebreak
line2
line3\linebreak line4
\linebreak and \newline seem to both work...
As R expression
r paste0("test","\\linebreak ", "test2")
Output is :
test
test2
Don't forget to add a trailing space after "\linebreak "...
This also allows to center paragraphs.
See also : Centering image and text in R Markdown for a PDF report
Solution 5
Use linebreak with an empty character (ALT+255) before.
Example:
.\linebreak
The empty character (here shown as a period) prevents the error message "LaTeX Error: There's no line here to end."
NB: The empty character is above shown as a period, since I could not include an empty character here on Stackoverflow). However you must not use period, but press ALT + 255 on you keyboard. I the .Rmd file it will show as as symbol similar to a period, but this symbol will be invisible in the output (e.g. PDF file).
d8aninja
Americanadian dad(bod). Him/they. Star Wars/Trek. Whiskey/whiskeys. 7y @USArmy Vet. Trying to be good at devsecops.
Updated on July 02, 2021Comments
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d8aninja almost 3 years
Using the tufte_template rmarkdown file, I am trying to make a new paragraph (like
\newthought{}
, but no caps.) I use two spaces, denoted here by *:# Introduction The Tufte-\LaTeX\ [^tufte_latex] document** ** classes define a style similar to the style Edward Tufte uses in his books...
but get this result:
I have tried
\n
in place of the second pair of spaces (**) as well, but pandoc throws an error.pandoc.exe: Error producing PDF from TeX source Error: pandoc document conversion failed with error 43
Finally, I tried using a
<br>
tag, but that seems to have no effect whatsoever - it doesn't print the text or a break to the PDF.I would like a new paragraph, without the indentation, similar to \newthought{}, but without the capitalization...is there a way?
Update 1 with sessionInfo():
> sessionInfo() R version 3.1.2 (2014-10-31) Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit) locale: [1] LC_COLLATE=English_United States.1252 LC_CTYPE=English_United States.1252 [3] LC_MONETARY=English_United States.1252 LC_NUMERIC=C [5] LC_TIME=English_United States.1252 attached base packages: [1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base loaded via a namespace (and not attached): [1] digest_0.6.8 htmltools_0.2.6 rmarkdown_0.5.1 tools_3.1.2 yaml_2.1.13
Update 2
This seems to be a problem I encounter specifically when using the Tufte template:
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d8aninja almost 9 yearsit would seem that it's the tufte_template that is causing these different outcomes... see the new image I updated with -- Why would it be doing that?
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szarka about 3 yearsSadly, the <br> gets silently eaten for PDF targets.
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Michael Szczepaniak about 3 yearsI couldn't use the accepted answer to add space between text and a following code chunk, but \hfill did the trick for me.
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d8aninja almost 3 yearswhen you say "ALT + 255 on you keyboard" do you mean hold down alt while pressing 2,2, and then 5? if so that does nothing on mine...
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madsR almost 3 yearsYes, exactly. Hold ALT all the time while pressing 2,5,5 in a sequence rather quickly and then releasing ALT. (255 not 225.) Often need to give it a couple of tries before it hits in correctly.Possibly the empty character will not show in your file, even if I think it should show. If so, try to copy paste to another text editor to see if it might show there.