@MappedSuperclass is not an @Entity in JPA?

Question

So I am using DerbyDB and I am setting up some entities. I have a @MappedSuperclass which is used as a superclass for some entities (@Entity). More specifically, I have a superclass User and 3 subclasses namely admin, regular and guest. Now I have a different entity, let's say file that should reference (as one of its fields) its owner. So I created a field called User owner. The error I get is:

Exception Description: [File] uses a non-entity [User] as target entity in the relationship attribute [field owner].

Is there a workaround?

Solution 1

I can suggest two solutions:

Change Inheritance

The exception you get clearly describes your problem: User is not an entity. Any class declared as superclass with the interface @MappedSuperclass cannot be an entity (in standard JPA - depends on your JPA-provider)... let me point you to an answer I just gave to quite a similar problem

--> Superclass-Types

So defining your superclass as an abstract entity will give you the desired behaviour, you described.

Extra:

If you choose your inheritance mapping strategy as @Inheritance(strategy = InheritanceType.SINGLE_TABLE) you don't even need multiple database-tables. Here is a good example: JPA Single-Table Inheritance

Change Model (suggested)

Don't split your user entity in several entities just by their roles. Make an Enum with all your desired roles and add it as a field to your User-entity. This is widely more common, unless u need your admin, guests etc to be an own object...

Solution 2

@MappedSupperclass is different than the @Inheritance annotation.

@MappedSuperclass tells the JPA provider to include the base class persistent properties as if they were declared by the child class extending the superclass annotated with @MappedSuperclass.

However, the inheritance is only visible in the OOP world, since, from a database perspective, there's no indication of the base class. Only the child class entity will have an associated mapped table.

The @Inheritance annotation is meant to materialize the OOP inheritance model in the database table structure. More, you can query a base class annotated with @Inheritance but you can't do that for a base class annotated with @MappedSuperclass.

Solution 3

Sometimes to inherit child class we create a parent class but we don't use it as a table.Inheriting that parent class we create various table.That's why we don't use @Entity in a parent class. Rather than we use @MappedSuperClass in a parent or super class.

Comments

[Rakim]

I thought of that but can't really change model as each user has it's own attributes. Only a few basic stuff applies to all user-types

[XiCoN JFS]

Ok, i see. If there are a lot of different extra attributes I advice to use InheritanceType.JOINED. SINGLE_TABLE otherwise will result in a lot of redundant data (empty columns)... happy coding =)