Python cross correlation

Question

I have a pair of 1D arrays (of different lengths) like the following:

data1 = [0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,1]
data2 = [0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1]

I would like to get the max cross correlation of the 2 series in python. In matlab, the xcorr() function will return it OK

I have tried the following 2 methods:

1. numpy.correlate(data1, data2)
2. signal.fftconvolve(data2, data1[::-1], mode='full')

Both methods give me the same values, but the values I get from python are different from what comes out of matlab. Python gives me integers values > 1, whereas matlab gives actual correlation values between 0 and 1.

I have tried normalizing the 2 arrays first (value-mean/SD), but the cross correlation values I get are in the thousands which doesnt seem correct.

Matlab will also give you a lag value at which the cross correlation is the greatest. I assume it is easy to do this using indices but whats the most appropriate way of doing this if my arrays contain 10's of thousands of values?

I would like to mimic the xcorr() function that matlab has, any thoughts on how I would do that in python?

Solution 1

numpy.correlate(arr1,arr2,"full")

gave me same output as

xcorr(arr1,arr2)

gives in matlab

Solution 2

Implementation of MATLAB xcorr(x,y) and comparision of result with example.

import scipy.signal as signal
def xcorr(x,y):
    """
    Perform Cross-Correlation on x and y
    x    : 1st signal
    y    : 2nd signal

    returns
    lags : lags of correlation
    corr : coefficients of correlation
    """
    corr = signal.correlate(x, y, mode="full")
    lags = signal.correlation_lags(len(x), len(y), mode="full")
    return lags, corr

n = np.array([i for i in range(0,15)])
x = 0.84**n
y = np.roll(x,5);
lags,c = xcorr(x,y);
plt.figure()
plt.stem(lags,c)
plt.show()

Solution 3

This code will help in finding the delay between two channels in audio file

xin, fs = sf.read('recording1.wav')
frame_len = int(fs*5*1e-3)
dim_x =xin.shape
M = dim_x[0] # No. of rows
N= dim_x[1] # No. of col
sample_lim = frame_len*100
tau = [0]
M_lim = 20000 # for testing as processing takes time
for i in range(1,N):
    c = np.correlate(xin[0:M_lim,0],xin[0:M_lim,i],"full")
    maxlags = M_lim-1
    c = c[M_lim -1 -maxlags: M_lim + maxlags]
    Rmax_pos = np.argmax(c)
    pos = Rmax_pos-M_lim+1
    tau.append(pos)
print(tau)

Comments

[bischoffingston]

How do you get the time lag out of this?

[Simon]

adding "full" to numpy.correlate() does the trick. To get the max time lag I just call argmax() on the return from correlate()

[argentum2f]

Just to clarify, lag of 0 corresponds to the center of the output array. So if c = xcorr(arr1,arr2) , then lag = argmax(c)-c.size/2

[ascripter]

While this link may answer the question, it is better to include the essential parts of the answer here and provide the link for reference. Link-only answers can become invalid if the linked page changes. - From Review

[Ajean]

@ascripter Actually there is an answer here that doesn't require the link.

[ascripter]

@Ajean You're right. It's actually a valuable hint.