rsync 'cannot delete non-empty directory' errors, even with --force option

Question

When running this command:

$ sudo rsync -r --delete --force --checksum --exclude=uploads /data/prep/* /data/app/

I'm getting the following output:

cannot delete non-empty directory: html/js/ckeditor/_source/plugins/uicolor/yui
cannot delete non-empty directory: html/js/ckeditor/_source/plugins/uicolor/yui
cannot delete non-empty directory: html/js/ckeditor/_source/plugins/uicolor
cannot delete non-empty directory: html/js/ckeditor/_source/plugins/uicolor
cannot delete non-empty directory: html/js/ckeditor/_source/plugins
cannot delete non-empty directory: html/js/ckeditor/_source/plugins
cannot delete non-empty directory: html/js/ckeditor/_source
cannot delete non-empty directory: html/js/ckeditor/_samples
cannot delete non-empty directory: html/js/ckeditor/plugins/uicolor/yui
cannot delete non-empty directory: html/js/ckeditor/plugins/uicolor/yui
cannot delete non-empty directory: html/js/ckeditor/plugins/uicolor

From reading the man rsync it was my impression that the --force option would tell rsync to delete these non-empty directories, which is the desired result.

Ref:

--force                 force deletion of dirs even if not empty

How can I modify the command to delete the non-empty directories?

I'm using rsync version 3.0.8, on Gentoo Base System release 2.0.3, in case that's relevant.

Update: Added sudo to the command to make it clear that this is not a file permissions issue.

Solution 1

Did you try to add --delete-excluded?

If you delete a directory in your excluded folders on the "remote" side, rsync --delete will not delete the excluded folder on your "local" site.

Solution 2

Here are possible sources of this problem:

(1) This error can be the result of the -b (--backup) option. This option will create a backup of each deleted file, by appending a tilde (~) on its file name. (This confused me, as the file-name is clearly a backup, but the directory name is not, as you can't see the tilde.)

To check if this is the same case, read your target directory on the deepest level, and check if there is any tilde (~) ending file. Note that these tilde-appended-files-names are then invisible in some common file browsing system, so you may not see them.

To solve this case, prefer the --backup-dir=DIR option, for instance --backup-dir=.rsync_bak.

(2) The --exclude option can have the same results. Which is possibly happening in your case. The pattern system is powerful, but may be misleading. For instance if you write --exclude='*~', this will skip all tilde ending files, resulting exactly like in case (1) above.

from rsync man page:

if the pattern starts with a / then it is anchored to a particular spot in the hierarchy of files, otherwise it is matched against the end of the pathname

Si if you write --exclude=uploads, this will exclude all files named "updloads", at any level of your files tree.

Check if there is a file named "uploads" inside your unable-to-delete directories.

Solution would be to change "--exclude=uploads" to "--exclude=uploads/"

Solution 3

Use rules in filter files instead of --exclude. These allow you to mark excludes as "persihable", which will let you delete non-empty directories which contain excluded files.

See this answer for details.

Comments

[Marcus Downing]

What filesystem is the destination? Is the filesystem in need of repair?

[tommarshall]

The file system is ext3. It's possible the filesystem could be in need or repair. I'll fsck at the next opportunity and update with results.

[tommarshall]

I've just fsck'd the system and this issue is still present.

[tommarshall]

Thanks. The files within the directories are indeed owned by a user within the apache group, however I've just attempted to run this command as that user and got the same errors.

[tommarshall]

Also, if it was a file permissions issue I'd expect running the same command as with 'sudo' to resolve the issue, but this is not the case. However, please correct me on this if I am mistaken.

[HBruijn]

Running the command as root should overcome most permission issues, yes. (likely place where that would still fail is on a nfs mount to name one, an immutable file another) A simple check with ls -la to see why the directory is still not empty. lsattr will display immutable files.

[Marcus Downing]

Are there any symlinks in there, or just real files?

[tommarshall]

There was a folder called uploads in the html/js/ckeditor/_source/plugins/uicolor/yui, html/js/ckeditor/_samples and html/js/ckeditor/plugins/uicolor/yui directories. Thanks for your help.

[Michael Hampton]

Which part of this actually solves the problem?

[alexandre1985]

if using --delete-excluded but you still want to exclude certain files/directories from deletion, you can put this files/directory in --filter 'protect some_dir/', for example: rsync -ac --delete --delete-excluded --exclude '*.html' --filter 'protect .git/' . /target/destination/

[JesusIniesta]

rsync ... <remote>... <local>

[Greendrake]

By "remote" I guess you actually mean "sending side", "local" means "receiving side", correct? You could be rsyncing from local to remote you know.

[miguel]

--delete-excluded is a dangerous command. The deletions will be permanent.