Scala: map a Map to list of tuples

Question

I tried to use Map.map to convert a map into a List of Tuples. However this fails. I did the following experiments:

val m = Map(("a" -> 1), ("b" -> 2))
         //> m  :     scala.collection.immutable.Map[String,Int] = Map(a -> 1, b -> 2)
val r1 = m.map{ case (k,v) => v}                //> r1  : scala.collection.immutable.Iterable[Int] = List(1, 2)
def toTuple[A,B](a:A,b:B) = (a,b)               //> toTuple: [A, B](a: A, b: B)(A, B)
//val r2: List[Tuple2[_,_]] = m.map(e => (e._1,e._2))
val r3 = m.map(e => toTuple(e._1,e._2))         //> r3  : scala.collection.immutable.Map[String,Int] = Map(a -> 1, b -> 2)
val r4 = m.toSeq                                //> r4  : Seq[(String, Int)] = ArrayBuffer((a,1), (b,2))

Notice how a List is generated for single elements (r1) but a Map is produced for tuples (r3). Not even forcing the type worked (r2). Only an explicit call to Seq did it (r4) So my question is, why/how does Map.map "automagically" create a new Map and not a list for example? In fact how is the return type determined (Seq, List, etc.)

Solution

A Map is a collection of tuples already.

scala> "b" -> 2
res0: (String, Int) = (b,2) // Implicitly converted to a Tuple

When you're mapping a Map, you're mapping the (key, value) pairs that it contains. This can't work, because you're stripping away the keys, and retaining only the values. So what you have is no longer a Map, but a step or two up the collection hierarchy, an Iterable:

val r1 = m.map{ case (k,v) => v} 

Forcing the type cannot work, because a Map[A, B] is not a List[(A, B)]. This is the equivalent of m.map(identity). Notice how you're even accessing e with tuple accessors:

val r2: List[Tuple2[_,_]] = m.map(e => (e._1,e._2))

val r3 = m.map(e => toTuple(e._1,e._2))

Here, Seq is more generalized than List:

val r4 = m.toSeq

The simple solution as stated by @EndeNeu is to just use toList. When you map a collection, it should return the original collection type if it can. So mapping a Map should return another Map, unless the underlying structure has made it no longer a Map (like removing keys entirely) in r1.

Comments

[user2051561]

Thanks m-z. My question is really: in the case of r1, how does Map know it should convert to a List? It could have been something else? Why not an array? I am assuming their is some implicit conversion going on here. Hence my testing by forcing types. In regards to the Tuples, makes sense. That's the Map convention.

[Michael Zajac]

@user2051561 It doesn't convert it to a List in r1--it returns Iterable because that's the next closest trait up the hierarchy that matches the type of collection you have. Map extends Iterable.