Symbol not found, Expected in: flat namespace
Even though OpenGL and GLUT are on the system (builtins) I have to link them as frameworks in the compilation process, so the setup.py
should look like this:
from distutils.core import setup
from distutils.extension import Extension
from Cython.Build import cythonize
exts = Extension( name='window',
sources=['window.pyx'],
extra_link_args=['-framework', 'OpenGL', '-framework', 'GLUT'])
setup( name='cygl',
ext_modules = cythonize( exts ))
Peter Varo
“A pity youth is wasted on the young.” — George Bernard Shaw www.petervaro.com
Updated on June 12, 2022Comments
-
Peter Varo almost 2 years
I have a huge
gl.pxd
file with all the definitions ofgl.h
,glu.h
andglut.h
. For example it has these lines:cdef extern from '<OpenGL/gl.h>': ctypedef unsigned int GLenum cdef void glBegin( GLenum mode )
I have a
window.pyx
file, which looks like this:# Import OpenGL definitions # headers of gl, glu and glut from gl cimport * cdef int argcp cdef char **argv cdef void render_scene(): glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT ) glBegin( GL_TRIANGLES ) glVertex2f( -.5, -.5) glVertex2f( .5, 0 ) glVertex2f( 0, -5. ) glEnd() glutSwapBuffers() cpdef main(): # Initialize GLUT and create Window glutInit( &argcp, argv ) glutInitDisplayMode( GLUT_RGBA | GLUT_DOUBLE ) glutInitWindowPosition( 100, 100 ) glutInitWindowSize( 1280, 720 ) glutCreateWindow( 'My Shiny New Window' ) # Register callbacks glutDisplayFunc( render_scene ) # Enter GLUT event processing cycle glutMainLoop()
I also have a
setup.py
which looks like this:from distutils.core import setup from distutils.extension import Extension from Cython.Distutils import build_ext setup( cmdclass = {'build_ext': build_ext}, ext_modules = [Extension('window', ['window.pyx'])] )
Which I call with
python3 setup.py build_ext --inplace
and it compiles, and the output is this:running build_ext cythoning window.pyx to window.c building 'window' extension /usr/bin/clang -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -O3 -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/include/python3.3m -c window.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.6-intel-3.3/window.o /usr/bin/clang -bundle -undefined dynamic_lookup -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -g build/temp.macosx-10.6-intel-3.3/window.o -o /Users/petervaro/cygl/window.so
And I have a
window_test.py
which looks like this:import window window.main()
But if I want to run this python snippet I got this error:
Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Users/petervaro/cygl/window_test.py", line 3, in <module> import window ImportError: dlopen(/Users/petervaro/cygl/window.so, 2): Symbol not found: _glBegin Referenced from: /Users/petervaro/cygl/window.so Expected in: flat namespace in /Users/petervaro/cygl/window.so
My problem is really similar to this one: What is the meaning of this ImportError when importing a Cython generated .so file? -- although afaik I don't have an external library, I want to use the builtin OpenGL lib...
Oh, and I'm on Mac OS X 10.8.5, Cython 19.2 and Python 3.3. Any help will be appreciated!
Thanks in advance!