undefined reference to `printf'

Question

test.c and kernel.asm are in the folder src, Makefile is in the folder Debug, just like that:

src
    test.c
    kernel.asm
Debug
    Makefile

All these files are very simple codes. But if I run make in the folder Debug,I will get the following error:

ld -Ttext 0x30400 -o test ../Debug/kernel.o ../Debug/test.o
../Debug/test.o: In function `Print_String':
test.c:(.text+0xf): undefined reference to `printf'

Can someone tell me why? Contents are as follows:

test.c

#include <stdio.h>

int m = 1;
void Print_String()
{
    printf("TEST");
}

kernel.asm

extern m
extern Print_String

[section .text]
global _start
_start:
    mov eax, m
    call Print_String

Makefile

# This Program
TARGET  = test

# All Phony Targets
.PHONY : everything clean all

DIR     = ..

OBJ     = $(DIR)/Debug/kernel.o $(DIR)/Debug/test.o
C_FILE  = $(DIR)/src/test.c
K_ASM   = $(DIR)/src/kernel.asm

ASM     = nasm
LD      = ld
CC      = gcc

CC_FLAG  = -c -g
ASM_FLAG = -f elf
LD_FLAG  = -Ttext 0x30400

# Default starting position
everything : $(TARGET)

clean :
    rm -f $(TARGET)

all : clean everything

kernel.o : $(K_ASM)
    $(ASM) $(ASM_FLAG) -o $@ $<

test     : $(OBJ)
    $(LD) $(LD_FLAG) -o $@ $(OBJ)

test.o   : $(C_FILE)
    $(CC) $(CC_FLAG) -o $@ $<

Solution

Unless you have your own version of printf somewhere, you'll have to link with the C runtime library.

Pass the option -lc to the ld command.

Comments

[Junior Mayhé]

for those trying to find how to use -Lc argument to specify the folders, here is a sample stackoverflow.com/questions/44361841/…