Use Java and RegEx to convert casing in a string
Solution 1
You can't do this in Java regex. You'd have to manually post-process using String.toUpperCase()
and toLowerCase()
instead.
Here's an example of how you use regex to find and capitalize words of length at least 3 in a sentence
String text = "no way oh my god it cannot be";
Matcher m = Pattern.compile("\\b\\w{3,}\\b").matcher(text);
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
int last = 0;
while (m.find()) {
sb.append(text.substring(last, m.start()));
sb.append(m.group(0).toUpperCase());
last = m.end();
}
sb.append(text.substring(last));
System.out.println(sb.toString());
// prints "no WAY oh my GOD it CANNOT be"
Note on appendReplacement
and appendTail
Note that the above solution uses substring
and manages a tail
index, etc. In fact, you can go without these if you use Matcher.appendReplacement
and appendTail
.
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
while (m.find()) {
m.appendReplacement(sb, m.group().toUpperCase());
}
m.appendTail(sb);
Note how sb
is now a StringBuffer
instead of StringBuilder
. Until Matcher
provides StringBuilder
overloads, you're stuck with the slower StringBuffer
if you want to use these methods.
It's up to you whether the trade-off in less efficiency for higher readability is worth it or not.
See also
Solution 2
To do this on regexp level you have to use \U
to switch on uppercase mode and \E
to switch it off. Here is an example how to use this feature in IntelliJ IDEA find-and-replace
dialog which transforms set of class fields to JUnit assertions (at IDE tooltip is a result of find-and-replace
transformation):
Solution 3
You could use the regexp capturing group (if you really need to use regex, that is, meaning if "TARGETSTRING
" is complex enough and "regular" enough to justify being detected by a regex).
You would then apply toLowerCase()
to the group #1.
import java.util.regex.*;
public class TargetToLowerCase {
public static void main(String[] args) {
StringBuilder sb= new StringBuilder(
"my testtext TARGETSTRING my testtext");
System.out.println(sb);
String regex= "TARGETSTRING ";
Pattern p = Pattern.compile(regex); // Create the pattern.
Matcher matcher = p.matcher(sb); // Create the matcher.
while (matcher.find()) {
String buf= sb.substring(matcher.start(), matcher.end()).toLowerCase();
sb.replace(matcher.start(), matcher.end(), buf);
}
System.out.println(sb);
}
}
Solution 4
Java9+
From Java 9+ you can use Matcher::replaceAll where you can use a Function<MatchResult, String>
for example we use the example of polygenelubricants :
String text = "this is just a test which upper all short words";
String regex = "\\b\\w{0,3}\\b";
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(regex);
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(text);
String result = matcher.replaceAll(matche -> matche.group().toUpperCase());
System.out.println(result);
Or Just :
String result = Pattern.compile(regex)
.matcher(text)
.replaceAll(matche -> matche.group().toUpperCase());
Output
this IS just A test which upper ALL short words
^^ ^ ^^^
Andreas
Updated on July 09, 2022Comments
-
Andreas almost 2 years
Problem: Turn
"My Testtext TARGETSTRING My Testtext"
into
"My Testtext targetstring My Testtext"
Perl supports the "\L"-operation which can be used in the replacement-string.
The Pattern-Class does not support this operation:
Perl constructs not supported by this class: [...] The preprocessing operations \l \u, \L, and \U. https://docs.oracle.com/javase/10/docs/api/java/util/regex/Pattern.html
-
Matthew Flaschen almost 14 yearsIs this supposed to be psuedo-code? The
"$1".toLowerCase()
obviously evaluates first, so replaceAll just sees"$1"
, which means it doesn't do anything. -
VonC almost 14 years@Matthew: right, the actual regex-based solution is a bit more complex. I have amended the answer to reflect it.
-
polygenelubricants almost 14 yearsNICE trick using
sb.replace
to take advantage of the fact that the replacement is always(?) the same length as the original string. Otherwise this wouldn't work. Very nice! -
MicSim over 9 yearsUnfortunately case switching doesn't preserve string length. See: Does Java's toLowerCase() preserve original string length?.
-
ddekany about 7 yearsThis is IntelliJ-specific though, plain Java regular expressions doesn't support this.
-
ddekany about 7 yearsThere's also
\L
for lower case mode (which is also ended with\E
). Of course this is IntelliJ-specific too. -
Andriy Kryvtsun about 7 years@ddekany technically, you are right: JDK lib doesn't support it (docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/regex/Pattern.html see 'Comparison to Perl 5') but I guess IntelliJ IDEA uses some standalone regexp lib.
-
MoonFruit almost 4 yearsSince Java 9, Matcher.appendReplacement has an overload for StringBuilder