What is the purpose of a static method in interface from Java 8?
Solution 1
In the past, if you had an interface Foo
and wanted to group interface-related utils or factory methods, you would need to create a separate utils class FooUtils
and store everything there.
Those classes would not have anything in common other than the name, and additionally, the utils class would need to be made final
and have a private constructor to forbid unwanted usage.
Now, thanks to the interface static methods, you can keep everything in one place without creating any additional classes.
It's also important to not forget all good practices and not throw everything mindlessly to one interface class - as pointed out in this answer
Solution 2
There are mainly two reasons for static method inside interfaces: create instances
of those interfaces (and the code is clearly where it has to be); like Predicate::isEqual
that would create a Predicate
based provided Object; or Comparator::comparing
, etc. And the second reason would be utility methods
that are general per all those types; like Stream::of
Still an interface has to be clear and does not have to create additional clutter in the API. Even the jdk code has Collectors
- static factory methods, but a Collector
interface at the same time for example. Those methods could be merged into Collector
interface, but that would make the interface more clunky than it has to be.
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Tarun Mohandas
Updated on September 15, 2022Comments
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Tarun Mohandas over 1 year
Why are static methods supported from Java 8? What is the difference between the two lines in main method in below code?
package sample; public class A { public static void doSomething() { System.out.println("Make A do something!"); } } public interface I { public static void doSomething() { System.out.println("Make I do something!"); } } public class B { public static void main(String[] args) { A.doSomething(); //difference between this I.doSomething(); //and this } }
As we can see above, I is not even implemented in B. What purpose would it serve to have a static method in an interface when we can write the same static method in another class and call it? Was it introduced for any other purpose than modularity. And by modularity, I mean the following:
public interface Singable { public void sing(); public static String getDefaultScale() { return "A minor"; } }
Just to put like methods together.
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Marvin over 6 yearsThat should explain it: docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/IandI/defaultmethods.html
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eliaspr over 6 yearsThere's no difference.
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Arunav Sanyal over 6 yearsStatic methods provide default methods that implementing classes do not to override. Its particularly useful if the the method logic is replicated across all the implementations. Your example is useful, say classes PopSong and RockSong can implement it and both would have default scale as A minor.
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Tarun Mohandas over 6 years@Marvin So they are used as helper methods and for modularity? How were helper methods implemented before Java 8 for the same type of functionality?
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user2357112 over 6 years"What purpose would it serve to have a static method in an interface when we can write the same static method in another class and call it?" - well, you don't have to make a separate class now just to hold the static methods.
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nicktalbot over 6 years@Arunav Sanyal You are confusing static and default methods.
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Eugene over 6 years@GrzegorzPiwowarek
Collectors
,StreamSupport
,Spliterators
are not redundant classes at all; there has to be a line for code that is too much inside an interface. -
Grzegorz Piwowarek over 6 years@Eugene Of course, there will always be some exceptions and this is a very good example. Putting all of this into one class would result in an unmanagable mess
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wlnirvana over 3 yearsCould you please elaborate on the
create instances
usage? Instead of usingStream.of
, I think we may well opt forArrays.stream
to create the instance. The reason forStream.of
overArrays.stream
more or less falls back to grouping related utility methods in one namespace, which is your second use case. Or did I misinterpret your example? -
Eugene over 3 years@wlnirvana what do you think
Stream::of
does internally? -
wlnirvana over 3 yearsIt internally uses
Arrays.stream
. And that's exactly my point: you first reason ultimately falls back to your second reason. In this case,Stream.of
is just a wrapper. To me, the motivation of this wrapper seems to be more "utility methods
that are general per all those types" than "create instances
of those interfaces". -
Eugene over 3 years@wlnirvana indeed. I see your point now. I've edited the answer and thank you for the input.
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wlnirvana over 3 yearsI see your point now as well. Thanks for the nice example.