Angular 2: why use switchMap when retrieving route params?

Question

I'm reading the Angular Guide about Routing & Navigation.

They use this code for retrieving the router's param 'id' and using it to get a hero with the service service:

ngOnInit() {
  this.route.params
    .switchMap((params: Params) => this.service.getHero(+params['id']))
    .subscribe((hero: Hero) => this.hero = hero);
}

But I do not well understand what is the purpose of using the switchMap operator in the above code.

The following code would not be the same?

ngOnInit() {
  this.route.params
    // NOTE: I do not use switchMap here, but subscribe directly
    .subscribe((params: Params) => {
      this.service.getHero(+params['id']).then(hero => this.hero = hero)
    });
}

Solution

switchMap is usually used when you have some async operation that is triggered by some prepended "event/stream".

The difference to e.g. flatMap or concatMap is, that as soon as the next trigger emits, the current async operation is canceled and re-triggered.

In your case this means, that as soon as the route-params change, your hero-service is automatically called again with the changed params and the previous call is canceled so you won't receive outdated data.

This is especially helpful for search-queries that might take longer then 200-300ms and are triggered while a user is typing.

The following code would not be the same?

No. While it might behave the same in many cases, if you imagine the following scenario:

1. param changes to "4"
2. getHero(4) (a very slow request)
3. param changes to "1"
4. getHero(1) (a fast request)
5. getHero(1) completes -> hero is "1"
6. getHero(4) completes -> hero is now "4" but the last used param was "1"

In such a case switchMap would just discard the getHero(4)-call since it is outdated as soon as a new trigger happens.