C++: how do I check if the cin buffer is empty?
Solution 1
When reading from std::cin, it's preferable not to use the stream extraction operator >>
as this can have all sorts of nasty side effects. For example, if you have this code:
std::string name;
std::cin >> name;
And I enter John Doe
, then the line to read from cin
will just hold the value John
, leaving Doe
behind to be read by some future read operation. Similarly, if I were to write:
int myInteger;
std::cin >> myInteger;
And I then type in John Doe
, then cin
will enter an error state and will refuse to do any future read operations until you explicitly clear its error state and flush the characters that caused the error.
A better way to do user input is to use std::getline to read characters from the keyboard until the user hits enter. For example:
std::string name;
getline(std::cin, name); // getline doesn't need the std:: prefix here because C++ has ADL.
ADL stands for argument-dependent lookup. Now, if I enter John Doe
, the value of name
will be John Doe
and there won't be any data left around in cin
. Moreover, this also lets you test if the user just hit enter:
std::string name;
getline(std::cin, name);
if (name.empty()) {
/* ... nothing entered ... */
}
The drawback of using this approach is that if you want to read in a formatted data line, an int
or a double
you'll have to parse the representation out of the string. I personally think this is worth it because it gives you a more fine-grained control of what to do if the user enters something invalid and "guards" cin
from ever entering a fail state.
I teach a C++ programming course, and have some lecture notes about the streams library that goes into a fair amount of detail about how to read formatted data from cin
in a safe way (mostly at the end of the chapter). I'm not sure how useful you'll find this, but in case it's helpful I thought I'd post the link.
Hope this helps!
Solution 2
cin will not continue with the program unless the user enters at least 1 character (enter doesn't count). If the user doesn't give ANY input, cin will just keep waiting for the user to give input and then press enter.
Admin
Updated on July 15, 2022Comments
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Admin almost 2 years
How do you check to see if the user didn't input anything at a cin command and simply pressed enter?
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JesusChrist about 13 yearsI dont have compiler so I cant check. but thanks for telling me.
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Fred Nurk about 13 yearsAlmost true; depends what operation you do with cin.
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Fred Nurk about 13 yearsIstreams do not have an extractor for a string pointer (your str is an array of strings). You can always use an online compiler to check.
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Marlon about 13 yearsAlso, you are allocating 100 strings. You probably meant
char[100]
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Fred Nurk about 13 years@Marlon: Hopefully he meant string str;, but with yours or mine, it still has problems.
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matzahboy about 13 years@Fred-Nurk - Can you give me an example?
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Benjamin Lindley about 13 yearsWhy are you just making stuff up?
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Fred Nurk about 13 yearsGetline was mentioned in another answer, but cin.get and cin.ignore are others.
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Jesse Smothermon about 13 yearsThank you for this answer, it really helped me out with a program I'm working on. I'm putting in this comment because I found something interesting. I have an if-else statement that checks if the user inputs "y", "n", something else, or nothing at all. I found that the program won't hit the "nothing at all" case unless I start the if-else with that case. I'm not sure if that also happened to other people.
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Jamal over 8 yearsAny problem? Lots of problems, actually.