Execute a shell script in current shell with sudo permission
Solution 1
What you are trying to do is impossible; your current shell is running under your regular user ID (i.e. without root the access sudo
would give you), and there is no way to grant it root access. What sudo
does is create a new *sub*process that runs as root. The subprocess could be just a regular program (e.g. sudo cp ...
runs the cp
program in a root process) or it could be a root subshell, but it cannot be the current shell.
(It's actually even more impossible than that, because the sudo
command itself is executed as a subprocess of the current shell -- meaning that in a sense it's already too late for it to do anything in the "current shell", because that's not where it executes.)
Solution 2
I'm not sure if this breaks any rules but
sudo bash script.sh
seems to work for me.
Solution 3
I think you are confused about the difference between sourcing and executing a script.
Executing a script means creating a new process, and running the program. The program can be a shell script, or any other type of program. As it is a sub process, any environmental variables changed in the program will not affect the shell.
Sourcing a script can only be used with a bash script (if you are running bash). It effectively types the commands in as if you did them. This is useful as it lets a script change environmental variables in the shell.
Running a script is simple, you just type in the path to the script. .
is the current directory. So ./script.sh
will execute the file script.sh
in the current directory. If the command is a single file (eg script.sh
), it will check all the folders in the PATH variable to find the script. Note that the current directory isn't in PATH, so you can't execute a file script.sh
in the current directory by running script.sh
, you need to run ./script.sh
(unless the current directory is in the PATH, eg you can run ls
while in the /bin
dir).
Sourcing a script doesn't use the PATH, and just searches for the path. Note that source
isn't a program - otherwise it wouldn't be able to change environmental variables in the current shell. It is actually a bash built in command. Search /bin
and /usr/bin
- you won't find a source
program there. So to source a file script.sh
in the current directory, you just use source script.sh
.
How does sudo interact with this? Well sudo takes a program, and executes it as root. Eg sudo ./script.sh
executes script.sh
in a sub process but running as root.
What does sudo source ./script.sh
do however? Remember source
isn't a program (rather a shell builtin)? Sudo expects a program name though, so it searches for a program named source
. It doesn't find one, and so fails. It isn't possible to source a file running as root, without creating a new subprocess, as you cannot change the runner of a program (in this case, bash) after it has started.
I'm not sure what you actually wanted, but hopefully this will clear it up for you.
Here is a concrete example. Make the file script.sh
in your current directory with the contents:
#!/bin/bash
export NEW_VAR="hello"
whoami
echo "Some text"
Make it executable with chmod +x script.sh
.
Now observe what happens with bash:
> ./script.sh
david
Some text
> echo $NEW_VAR
> sudo ./script.sh
root
Some text
> echo $NEW_VAR
> source script.sh
david
Some text
> echo $NEW_VAR
hello
> sudo source script.sh
sudo: source: command not found
Solution 4
Basically sudo expects, an executable (command) to follow & you are providing with a .
Hence the error.
Try this way $ sudo setup.sh
Solution 5
If you really want to "ExecuteCall a shell script in current shell with sudo permission" you can use exec
to...
replace the shell with a given program (executing it, not as new process)
I insist on replacing "execute" with "call" because the former has a meaning that includes creating a new process and ID, where the latter is ambiguous and leaves room for creativity, of which I am full.
Consider this test case and look closely at pid 1337
# Don't worry, the content of this script is cat'ed below
$ ./test.sh -o foo -p bar
User ubuntu is running...
PID TT USER COMMAND
775 pts/1 ubuntu -bash
1408 pts/1 ubuntu \_ bash ./test.sh -o foo -p bar
1411 pts/1 ubuntu \_ ps -t /dev/pts/1 -fo pid,tty,user,args
User root is running...
PID TT USER COMMAND
775 pts/1 ubuntu -bash
1337 pts/1 root \_ sudo ./test.sh -o foo -p bar
1412 pts/1 root \_ bash ./test.sh -o foo -p bar
1415 pts/1 root \_ ps -t /dev/pts/1 -fo pid,tty,user,args
Take 'exec' out of the command and this script would get cat-ed twice. (Try it.)
#!/usr/bin/env bash
echo; echo "User $(whoami) is running..."
ps -t $(tty) -fo pid,tty,user,args
if [[ $EUID > 0 ]]; then
# exec replaces the current process effectively ending execution so no exit is needed.
exec sudo "$0" "$@"
fi
echo; echo "Take 'exec' out of the command and this script would get cat-ed twice. (Try it.)"; echo
cat $0
Here is another test using sudo -s
$ ps -fo pid,tty,user,args; ./test2.sh
PID TT USER COMMAND
10775 pts/1 ubuntu -bash
11496 pts/1 ubuntu \_ ps -fo pid,tty,user,args
User ubuntu is running...
PID TT USER COMMAND
10775 pts/1 ubuntu -bash
11497 pts/1 ubuntu \_ bash ./test2.sh
11500 pts/1 ubuntu \_ ps -fo pid,tty,user,args
User root is running...
PID TT USER COMMAND
11497 pts/1 root sudo -s
11501 pts/1 root \_ /bin/bash
11503 pts/1 root \_ ps -fo pid,tty,user,args
$ cat test2.src
echo; echo "User $(whoami) is running..."
ps -fo pid,tty,user,args
$ cat test2.sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash
source test2.src
exec sudo -s < test2.src
And a simpler test using sudo -s
$ ./exec.sh
bash's PID:25194 user ID:7809
systemd(1)───bash(23064)───bash(25194)───pstree(25196)
Finally...
bash's PID:25199 user ID:0
systemd(1)───bash(23064)───sudo(25194)───bash(25199)───pstree(25201)
$ cat exec.sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash
pid=$$
id=$(id -u)
echo "bash's PID:$pid user ID:$id"
pstree -ps $pid
# the quoted EOF is important to prevent shell expansion of the $...
exec sudo -s <<EOF
echo
echo "Finally..."
echo "bash's PID:\$\$ user ID:\$(id -u)"
pstree -ps $pid
EOF
shar
Updated on July 05, 2022Comments
-
shar almost 2 years
For executing a shell script in current shell, we need to use a period
.
or asource
command. But why does it not work with a sudo permission?I have a script with execute permission called
setup.sh
. When I use a period, I get this:$ sudo . ./setup.sh sudo: .: command not found
The source command also produces a similar error. Am I missing out something? What should I do to run the script with sudo permission in the same shell?
Thanks in advance..
-
russell almost 9 yearsI'm not sure why this is the accepted answer when @JaseC's answer below seems to work for me. sudo bash myscript.sh does exactly what I was looking for, and what the OP seemed to be asking for.
-
Gordon Davisson almost 9 years@dalesikkema:
sudo bash myscript.sh
will run the script in a subshell, rather than the current shell. If that works in your situation, great -- but this particular question is about running the script as root in the current shell. -
Bruno Bronosky over 7 yearsThe entire premise of ambiguous because of the inaccurate word choice. "For executing a shell script in current shell, we need to use a period" No, that period doesn't execute, it sources, inserts, reads, or interprets. Execution implies a disparate PID. So, we are unclear if/why they might care about the PID of their current shell.
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Bruno Bronosky almost 6 yearsI got a down vote today with no comment. How is that helpful to anyone? Enjoy losing your 2 reputation points. (That's right. It takes your reputation down 2 points in order to give me 1 down vote.)
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pablo.vix almost 4 yearsa bit confusing.... Next time, put the commands and output plain straigh, instead of describing what you did. It would help explain commands used inside your script, not everyone has the same proeficiency that you do.
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Owl about 2 yearsno "cannot open example.sh no such file" even when it's in the same directory.