How do you cross compile ELF executables for Android?
This problem was related to the dynamic loader. When I checked the output of the binary file with readelf, I notified that the cross-compiler that I use has a different type of default dynamic loader - "/lib/ld-linux.so.3", but Android uses "/system/bin/linker"
$ readelf --program-headers test
Elf file type is EXEC (Executable file)
Entry point 0x8380
There are 8 program headers, starting at offset 52
Program Headers:
Type Offset VirtAddr PhysAddr FileSiz MemSiz Flg Align
EXIDX 0x0004fc 0x000084fc 0x000084fc 0x00050 0x00050 R 0x4
PHDR 0x000034 0x00008034 0x00008034 0x00100 0x00100 R E 0x4
INTERP 0x000134 0x00008134 0x00008134 0x00013 0x00013 R 0x1
[Requesting program interpreter: /lib/ld-linux.so.3]
LOAD 0x000000 0x00008000 0x00008000 0x00550 0x00550 R E 0x8000
LOAD 0x000550 0x00010550 0x00010550 0x00124 0x00128 RW 0x8000
DYNAMIC 0x00055c 0x0001055c 0x0001055c 0x000f0 0x000f0 RW 0x4
NOTE 0x000148 0x00008148 0x00008148 0x00020 0x00020 R 0x4
GNU_STACK 0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000 0x00000 RW 0x4
In order to change dynamic loader(dynamic linker), "--dynamic-linker=/path/to/loader" should be used for the linker.
$ arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc -o test test.c -Wall -Wl,--dynamic-linker=/system/bin/linker
albin
Updated on June 08, 2022Comments
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albin about 2 years
I have prepared a sample C code below to make it run on Android Operating System by following these procedures,
/*test.c file*/ #include <stdio.h> int main(int argc, char **argv) { printf("Android Test Application.\n"); return 0; }
$ arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc -o test test.c -Wall
I copied the binary file --test-- into target device "/system/bin" directory.
When I attempt to make cross-compiled binary run on the target system, I am getting this error
$ pwd
/system/bin
$ ./test
bash: ./test: No such file or directory
$ ls -al | grep test
-rwxr-xr-x 1 0 0 8384 2011-12-22 15:26 test
although the binary file --test-- is already in "/system/bin" directory.
My cross-compiler is
$ arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc --version
arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc (Sourcery G++ Lite 2009q1-203) 4.3.3 Copyright (C) 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Why I am getting this error?
bash: ./test: No such file or directory
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Santiago Villafuerte almost 8 yearsThis is very useful to compile binaries for the recovery file system in Android where no /system/bin/linker is available and the path has to be redefined. Thanks.