How does Python return multiple values from a function?
Solution 1
Since the return statement in getName
specifies multiple elements:
def getName(self):
return self.first_name, self.last_name
Python will return a container object that basically contains them.
In this case, returning a comma separated set of elements creates a tuple. Multiple values can only be returned inside containers.
Let's use a simpler function that returns multiple values:
def foo(a, b):
return a, b
You can look at the byte code generated by using dis.dis
, a disassembler for Python bytecode. For comma separated values w/o any brackets, it looks like this:
>>> import dis
>>> def foo(a, b):
... return a,b
>>> dis.dis(foo)
2 0 LOAD_FAST 0 (a)
3 LOAD_FAST 1 (b)
6 BUILD_TUPLE 2
9 RETURN_VALUE
As you can see the values are first loaded on the internal stack with LOAD_FAST
and then a BUILD_TUPLE
(grabbing the previous 2
elements placed on the stack) is generated. Python knows to create a tuple due to the commas being present.
You could alternatively specify another return type, for example a list, by using []
. For this case, a BUILD_LIST
is going to be issued following the same semantics as it's tuple equivalent:
>>> def foo_list(a, b):
... return [a, b]
>>> dis.dis(foo_list)
2 0 LOAD_FAST 0 (a)
3 LOAD_FAST 1 (b)
6 BUILD_LIST 2
9 RETURN_VALUE
The type of object returned really depends on the presence of brackets (for tuples ()
can be omitted if there's at least one comma). []
creates lists and {}
sets. Dictionaries need key:val
pairs.
To summarize, one actual object is returned. If that object is of a container type, it can contain multiple values giving the impression of multiple results returned. The usual method then is to unpack them directly:
>>> first_name, last_name = f.getName()
>>> print (first_name, last_name)
As an aside to all this, your Java ways are leaking into Python :-)
Don't use getters when writing classes in Python, use properties
. Properties are the idiomatic way to manage attributes, for more on these, see a nice answer here.
Solution 2
From Python Cookbook v.30
def myfun():
return 1, 2, 3
a, b, c = myfun()
Although it looks like
myfun()
returns multiple values, atuple
is actually being created. It looks a bit peculiar, but it’s actually the comma that forms a tuple, not the parentheses
So yes, what's going on in Python is an internal transformation from multiple comma separated values to a tuple and vice-versa.
Though there's no equivalent in java you can easily create this behaviour using array
's or some Collection
s like List
s:
private static int[] sumAndRest(int x, int y) {
int[] toReturn = new int[2];
toReturn[0] = x + y;
toReturn[1] = x - y;
return toReturn;
}
Executed in this way:
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] results = sumAndRest(10, 5);
int sum = results[0];
int rest = results[1];
System.out.println("sum = " + sum + "\nrest = " + rest);
}
result:
sum = 15
rest = 5
Solution 3
Here It is actually returning tuple
.
If you execute this code in Python 3:
def get():
a = 3
b = 5
return a,b
number = get()
print(type(number))
print(number)
Output :
<class 'tuple'>
(3, 5)
But if you change the code line return [a,b]
instead of return a,b
and execute :
def get():
a = 3
b = 5
return [a,b]
number = get()
print(type(number))
print(number)
Output :
<class 'list'>
[3, 5]
It is only returning single object which contains multiple values.
There is another alternative to return
statement for returning multiple values, use yield
( to check in details see this What does the "yield" keyword do in Python?)
Sample Example :
def get():
for i in range(5):
yield i
number = get()
print(type(number))
print(number)
for i in number:
print(i)
Output :
<class 'generator'>
<generator object get at 0x7fbe5a1698b8>
0
1
2
3
4
Solution 4
Python functions always return a unique value. The comma operator is the constructor of tuples so self.first_name, self.last_name
evaluates to a tuple and that tuple is the actual value the function is returning.
Solution 5
Whenever multiple values are returned from a function in python, does it always convert the multiple values to a list of multiple values and then returns it from the function??
I'm just adding a name and print the result that returns from the function. the type of result is 'tuple'.
class FigureOut:
first_name = None
last_name = None
def setName(self, name):
fullname = name.split()
self.first_name = fullname[0]
self.last_name = fullname[1]
self.special_name = fullname[2]
def getName(self):
return self.first_name, self.last_name, self.special_name
f = FigureOut()
f.setName("Allen Solly Jun")
name = f.getName()
print type(name)
I don't know whether you have heard about 'first class function'. Python is the language that has 'first class function'
I hope my answer could help you. Happy coding.
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Comments
-
User_Targaryen almost 4 years
I have written the following code:
class FigureOut: def setName(self, name): fullname = name.split() self.first_name = fullname[0] self.last_name = fullname[1] def getName(self): return self.first_name, self.last_name f = FigureOut() f.setName("Allen Solly") name = f.getName() print (name)
I get the following Output:
('Allen', 'Solly')
Whenever multiple values are returned from a function in python, does it always convert the multiple values to a list of multiple values and then returns it from the function?
Is the whole process same as converting the multiple values to a
list
explicitly and then returning the list, for example in JAVA, as one can return only one object from a function in JAVA?-
khelwood over 7 yearsIf you return two items from a function, then you are returning a tuple of length two, because that is how returning multiple items works. It's not a list.
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User_Targaryen over 7 years@khelwood: So, is it a special feature in python?? One which is not present in languages like JAVA, C++ ..??
-
khelwood over 7 yearsIt is a feature not present in languages that do not support returning multiple values.
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User_Targaryen over 7 years@khelwood: So, actually it does not return multiple values but a tuple of multiple values. Am I right??
-
khelwood over 7 yearsI would say that tuples are the mechanism by which Python allows you to return multiple values.
-
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Coder Guy over 5 yearsMoreover,
getThis
andsetThat
are obsolete hold-overs from the Java bean days. I would like to see an end to this paradigm once and for all.object.foo()
implies a "get" andobject.foo(value)
already implies a set.