installing Oracle Instantclient on Linux without setting environment variables?

Question

Oracle's instructions specify setting LD_LIBRARY_PATH. This makes my application dependent on random users' configuration and is very troublesome to set up.

How can I avoid having to set any environment variables?

related note for OS/X: installing Oracle Instantclient on Mac OS/X without setting environment variables?

Solution 1

Oracle's instantclient installation instructions specify that the user set LD_LIBRARY_PATH. This is very troublesome to manage for multiple users.

To use the instantclient without setting any environment variables:

Download the instantclient distribution from oracle.com. For doing non-java software development, you will need (assuming Oracle 10.2):

instantclient-basic-linux-x86_64-10.2.0.4.0.zip
instantclient-sdk-linux-x86_64-10.2.0.4.0.zip
instantclient-sqlplus-linux-x86_64-10.2.0.4.0.zip

Unzip the three files. This will give you a directory

instantclient_10_2/

Copy the files to /usr, which is one of the default places the dynamic loader searches.

sudo cp instantclient_10_2/sdk/include/*.h /usr/include
sudo cp instantclient_10_2/sqlplus         /usr/bin
sudo cp instantclient_10_2/*.so*           /usr/lib

If you use tnsnames.ora, copy it to /etc, which is the default global place the oracle runtime searches.

sudo cp tnsnames.ora /etc

Test with

/usr/bin/sqlplus scott/tiger@myoracle

Solution 2

Add the library path to /etc/ld.so.conf, then run /sbin/ldconfig. You don't need to set LD_LIBRARY_PATH for libraries installed in standard locations like /usr/lib because these locations are already configured in /etc/ld.so.conf.

Solution 3

You could of course rename sqlplus to sqlplus.real and make a wrapper script:

#!/bin/sh

if [ "$LD_LIBRARY_PATH" = "" ]
then
        LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/what/ever
else
        LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/what/ever
fi

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

exec sqlplus.real ${1+"$@"}

Solution 4

Oracle's instructions regarding setting the LD_LIBRARY_PATH are suboptimal.

On ELF platforms like Linux or Solaris there is really no need to require setting the LD_LIBRARY_PATH because the correct library search path (a.k.a. runpath) can be written into the binary, at build-time, relative to the location of the binary. Thus, with such binaries, the runtime linker is always able to find the packaged libraries, even if the installed subtree is copied around.

Unfortunately, Oracle doesn't create the Linux 'Instant Client' binaries like that. But, it is possible to fix them with patchelf.

For example:

patchelf --set-rpath '$ORIGIN/..' /path/to/instantclient_11_2/sdk/proc
patchelf --set-rpath '$ORIGIN'    /path/to/instantclient_11_2/sqlplus
patchelf --set-rpath '$ORIGIN'    /path/to/instantclient_11_2/libclntsh.so.11.1

After those changes the runtime linker is able to find all needed libraries without any LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable.

On Solaris there is elfedit - but IIRC at least some Oracle DB packages for Solaris already come with a sufficient runpath. One can verify that via e.g. elfdump /path/to/sqlplus | grep PATH.

For more details on elfedit and other good alternatives to LD_LIBRARY_PATH (that don't involve changing the binary itself) see also my article LD_LIBRARY_PATH considered harmful.

Solution 5

or you can try using this command

Linux

sqlplus user/pass@'(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=hostname)(PORT=port_number)))(CONNECT_DATA=(SID=sid)))'

Windows

sqlplus user/pass@"(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=hostname)(PORT=port_number)))(CONNECT_DATA=(SID=sid)))"

so you don't need the tnsnames.ora

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