Printing leading zeros in a number in C

Question

I'm working on a project and I want my program to read a strictly 5 digits number with a leading zero.

How can I print the number with the leading zero included?
Plus: how can I provide that my program reads 5 digits including a zero as a leading number?

Solution 1

The best way to have input under control is to read in a string and then parse/analyze the string as desired. If, for example, "exactly five digits" means: "exactly 5 digits (not less, not more), no other leading characters other than '0', and no negative numbers", then you could use function strtol, which tells you where number parsing has ended. Therefrom, you can derive how many digits the input actually has:

#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main() {

    char line[50];
    if (fgets(line,50,stdin)) {
        if (isdigit((unsigned char)line[0])) {
            char* endptr = line;
            long number = strtol(line, &endptr, 10);
            int nrOfDigitsRead = (int)(endptr - line);
            if (nrOfDigitsRead != 5) {
                printf ("invalid number of digits, i.e. %d digits (but should be 5).\n", nrOfDigitsRead);
            } else {
                printf("number: %05lu\n", number);
            }
        }
        else {
            printf ("input does not start with a digit.\n");
        }
    }
}

Solution 2

I assume you want to read in int variable. If so you can try the below solution.

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
  int a;

  scanf("%5d", &a);
  printf("%05d",a);

}

Solution 3

use printf family with '%05d" to print number with leading zeros. use sscanf to read this value (leading zeros are ignored).

Consult the following code:

int a = 25;
int b;
char buffer[6];
sprintf( buffer, "%05d", a );
printf( "buffer is <%s>\n", buffer );
sscanf( buffer, "%d", &b );
printf( "b is %d\n", b );

output is:

buffer is <00025>

b is 25

Comments

[Norhther]

Show us some code

[Greg K.]

How do you want to input numbers in your program? Console or through a file? Give us a context for your program.

[Martin James]

What type is the number? Integer? Can you not just read is as a string and verify/numberify it after?

[Weather Vane]

You have asked three questions (the first implied). Please don't ask several as if you are in a tutorial. If you use the format specifier %d in scanf then leading zeros are ignored. If you use the format specifier %i then a leading zero indicates an octal value.

[Weather Vane]

If you want exactly 5 digits entered then use a string type input. The question is also unclear about "with a leading zero", must there always be a leading zero? Please post example inputs and required output.

[Jonathan Leffler]

This will accept from 1 to 5 digits (plus a sign) on input. Assuming the number isn't negative, it will print the value with leading zeros.

[Admin]

On point . Thank you very much.