Python Class Inheritance issue
Solution 1
Three things:
- You need to explicitly call the constructor. It isn't called for you automatically like in C++
- Use a new-style class inherited from object
- With a new-style class, use the super() method available
This will look like:
class Person(object):
AnotherName = 'Sue Ann'
def __init__(self):
super(Person, self).__init__()
self.FirstName = 'Tom'
self.LastName = 'Sneed'
def get_name(self):
return self.FirstName + ' ' + self.LastName
class Employee(Person):
def __init__(self):
super(Employee, self).__init__()
self.empnum = 'abc123'
def get_emp(self):
print self.AnotherName
return self.FirstName + ' ' + 'abc'
Using super is recommended as it will also deal correctly with calling constructors only once in multiple inheritance cases (as long as each class in the inheritance graph also uses super). It's also one less place you need to change code if/when you change what a class is inherited from (for example, you factor out a base-class and change the derivation and don't need to worry about your classes calling the wrong parent constructors). Also on the MI front, you only need one super call to correctly call all the base-class constructors.
Solution 2
You should explicitely call the superclass' init function:
class Employee(Person):
def __init__(self):
Person.__init__(self)
self.empnum = "abc123"
Solution 3
Employee has to explicitly invoke the parent's __init__ (not init):
class Employee(Person):
def __init__(self):
Person.__init__(self)
self.empnum = 'abc123'
Solution 4
Instead of super(class, instance)
pattern why not just use super(instance)
as the class is always instance.__class__
?
Are there specific cases where it would not be instance.__class__
?
meade
Happy on the outside, sad on the inside type of project manager
Updated on May 27, 2020Comments
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meade almost 4 years
I'm playing with Python Class inheritance and ran into a problem where the inherited
__init__
is not being executed if called from the sub-class (code below) the result I get from Active Python is:
>>> start Tom Sneed Sue Ann Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Python26\Lib\site-packages\pythonwin\pywin\framework\scriptutils.py", line 312, <br>in RunScript exec codeObject in __main__.__dict__ File "C:\temp\classtest.py", line 22, in <module> print y.get_emp() File "C:\temp\classtest.py", line 16, in get_emp return self.FirstName + ' ' + 'abc' AttributeError: Employee instance has no attribute 'FirstName'
Here's the code
class Person(): AnotherName = 'Sue Ann' def __init__(self): self.FirstName = 'Tom' self.LastName = 'Sneed' def get_name(self): return self.FirstName + ' ' + self.LastName class Employee(Person): def __init__(self): self.empnum = 'abc123' def get_emp(self): print self.AnotherName return self.FirstName + ' ' + 'abc' x = Person() y = Employee() print 'start' print x.get_name() print y.get_emp()
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Martin Geisler almost 15 yearsCare must be taken when using super, please read this: fuhm.net/super-harmful
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Jarret Hardie almost 15 years+1 for recommending new style classes, particularly as the OP's stack trace suggests they're using Python 2.6.
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meade almost 15 yearsThat worked - but why? why would the inherited class not work the same as if you instantiated it as its own object?
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user1066101 almost 15 yearsNo issue of the superclass has no init. It's pretty black-box-ish.
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Martin Cote almost 15 yearsPython will not automatically call the superclass' init function when instantiating a subclass. This responsability is left to the programmer. I don't know if there's a rationale behind this.
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workmad3 almost 15 yearsGood to know about the pitfalls. I've been pretty careful so far though and all my python code calls super() all the way back up to object :)
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Samantha Atkis over 13 yearswow. I think it erased part of my comment. it should be "instance.__class__" of course.
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Veky about 10 yearsThis is actually an excellent question. Please watch pyvideo.org/video/879/the-art-of-subclassing (TL;DW: no, it's not
instance.__class__
. "self" is not neccessarily you.)