Replacement for DOS xcopy command

Question

In DOS there's the command

xcopy /s *.mp3 ..\TEMP2

How can I do this in Ubuntu?

cp -r *.mp3 ../TEMP2

will copy recursively all mp3 files, unfortunately without the path because of the *.mp3 filter.

cp -r *.* ../TEMP2

will copy the path but can not be limited to mp3 files

I had a look at rsync, but I don't get it.

Solution 1

The power of tools in Ubuntu is that you can combine them. The next command finds all .mp3 files in the current directory and its subdirectories, and copies them to the ../TEMP2/ folder, preserving paths:

find -iname '*.mp3' -exec install -D {} ../TEMP2/{} \;

• find -iname '*.mp3' - finds all files ending with .mp3 (case-insensitive) and
  • -exec - executes a command for each match:
    • install -D {} ../TEMP2/{} - copies the matched file to ../TEMP/ preserving the path. ({} is replaced by the path including filename)
  • \; - ends the -exec command

If you want to get the progress, add -ls ("list") to the command before -exec. It can be put after \; too, but in that case the name is shown after being copied. Examples:

find -iname '*.mp3' -ls -exec install -D {} ../TEMP2/{} \;
find -iname '*.mp3' -exec install -D {} ../TEMP2/{} \; -ls

Solution 2

There are several options, but none is really simple, I'm afraid…

rsync

rsync -r --include="*/" --include="*.mp3" --exclude="*" --prune-empty-dirs . ../TEMP2

This tells to exclude all files (exclude="*"), but to look into all directories (include="*/") and to include all mp3 files (include="*.mp3"). If you do not want to copy directories not containing any mp3 files, in addition the --prune-empty-dirs option is necessary.

zip

zip -R archive.zip "*.mp3"
unzip -d ../TEMP2 archive.zip && rm archive.zip

The first command creates an archive with all mp3 files, the second unzips the content to the target directory and deletes the archive file if it was successful.

find

find . -iname "*.mp3" -exec install -D {} ../TEMP2/{} ";"

This will find all mp3 files and copy them to the corresponding path in the ../TEMP2 directory, after creating the directory structure first (install -D).

copy all and delete the rest

This only makes sense if you have just a few files that you don't want to copy:

cp -r * ../TEMP2
find ../TEMP2 -type f \! -iname '*.mp3' -delete

This copies everything and then deletes all files that are not mp3 files

Comments

[Admin]

Do you want to copy the mp3 files WITHOUT the directory to the temp2 folder or do you want to copy them WITH the directory.

[Admin]

@Luis: I guess he wants to preserve the directory structure, or else cp -r would have worked.

[Admin]

some nifty commands below. But what is wrong with good old tar, a move and an untar :D

[Admin]

What shell are you using? The second command will only copy the mp3 files in the current directory (and any directories named .mp3 -- it will not recursively copy all mp3 files.

[Admin]

Indeed I want to preserve directory structure.

[Admin]

I have just seen this similar question with a different and interesting solution: unix.stackexchange.com/questions/19841/…

[MestreLion]

I dont understand why would this be any different than rsync -r, except using a much more complex syntax

[Lekensteyn]

I'm not that familiar with rsync, so this is the best command I could think of.

[enzotib]

I suppose you need a -D option to install.

[sleepless]

This one does not copy the subdir.

[sleepless]

Yes your find construction works too! I like that one the most. It's a great learning experience. I have come to the right place. But the forum software is very user unfriendly. Rinus

[Lekensteyn]

@sleepless Please try again, I was missing the -D option which would create any directories if needed.

[sleepless]

lekenstein's find -iname '*.mp3' -exec install -D {} ../TEMP2/{} \; with enzotib's "-D" got it going to work. Marcel Stimbergs work is excellent. That means after two days searching solved with your help. You are amazing. Thanks a lot even for the contribs that did not work. Solved! Rinus

[sleepless]

Yes lekenstein, both constructions work and I like to see the progress, thats a good addition. But I discoverd, if one of the files is hidden, it is skipped, how to solve that?

[Lekensteyn]

@sleepless: I cannot confirm your findings, find shows hidden files (like .hidden.mp3 as well as .hiddenfolder/file.mp3) for me. Perhaps your file browser hide it for you? If you're using the ls command, add the -A option to show dotfiles too.

[sleepless]

You are completely right, sorry for this stupidity.

[Lekensteyn]

Someone suggested to use quotes as in -exec ... "{}" \;. This is not necessary as {} correctly expands into a single argument. "{}" still works because the quotes are eaten by bash.