AttributeError: 'module' object (scipy) has no attribute *** Why does this error occur?

Question

In scipy, the error occurs quite often.

>>> import scipy
>>> scipy.integrate.trapz(gyroSeries, timeSeries)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'integrate'
>>> 

I figure out how to solve this problem by doing the following:

>>> 
>>> import scipy.integrate
>>> scipy.integrate.trapz(gyroSeries, timeSeries)
>>> 1.2

My question:

Why does the error occur?

Why would that fix the error?

Solution 1

Most possibly because scipy is a library (package) that contains modules and to import a specific module from the scipy library, you need to specify it and import the module itself. As it's a separate module (sub-package), once you import it, it's attributes are available to you by using the regular scipy.module.attribute

Solution 2

In order to fix the error, add the following line at the top of your script

from scipy import integrate

Solution 3

Just simply use

import scipy.constants as spc

and then

C   = spc.c #speed of light m/s
pi  = spc.pi

Comments

[Ashwini Chaudhary]

docs.python.org/2/tutorial/modules.html#packages