How can I strip down Ubuntu?

Question

I'm trying to fix what I consider a bloated install of Ubuntu. When I install Ubuntu on a machine, I get things that I don't want - web browsers, office applications, media players, accessibility utilities, Ubuntu One, and so on. My goal is to create a way that I can have an install of Ubuntu that contains only the most minimal packages - the administrative tools and package manager, a GUI (my preference would be GNOME), a text editor, core drivers (video cards, network cards - wired and wireless, input devices), and anything else that I have to have to run a stable distribution. From there, I would like to pick and choose which packages I install to create my own customized system.

After playing around with other distros like Arch and Slackware, like how they provide a barebones install by default. However, I get trapped in a "configuration hell" - right now, I tried moving away from Ubuntu and to Arch, but after spending 6 hours with it, I still don't have a usable system. It's half configured and I don't have any usable software packages to enable me to work.

Is anything that can help me available? Either something like the OpenSUSE builder that lets you choose applications and packages for the CD, an advanced installation mode where I can choose the packages to install and which to ignore, or a guide on how to strip Ubuntu down to its bare bones?

And I suppose a natural follow up to this is once I have a stripped down Ubuntu, will this affect updating at all? When Canonical releases the next version of Ubuntu, I don't want any bloatware reinstalled. And yes, most of the applications that come with Ubuntu, I simply don't use. Ever.

Solution 1

Start from Ubuntu Server and build up. It uses the same repos as the desktop distribution and you can install various desktop configurations.

I just suggest you stay away from the big metapackages like ubuntu-desktop or you'll end up will the full blown distro.

If you only want to strip down (rather than building up) you're going to have to remove ubuntu-desktop (which depends on loads of things) and convert all the automatically met dependencies to manually installed. If you don't aptitude will nuke them as it (amongst other tools) will automatically clean up "obsolete" packages -- those are packages that fulfil no dependency or user choice.

Solution 2

Use the Ubuntu Server media, and choose the option to build the minimal installation. People call this "JeOS", although I think the term "JeOS" may have been deprecated. The Ubuntu Server Guide says:

While installing from the Server Edition ISO (pressing F4 on the first screen will allow you to pick "Minimal installation", which is the package selection equivalent to JeOS).

Solution 3

Ubuntu has a mini.iso which is a totally stripped down version of ubuntu that you can use to build up yourself. It's about 28MB or so.

As of this reply the latest version is 12.04 Precise, so you can just replace the distro release name in the url to get the mini.iso for that release.

For 64bit: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/main/installer-i386/current/images/netboot/mini.iso

For 32bit: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/main/installer-i386/current/images/netboot/

You can then install your GUI/Desktop environment of choice using apt-get and so on with whatever packages you wish to install.

Solution 4

Rather than stripping down, why not instead 'build up'?

As well as downloading Ubuntu JeOS (Just Enough OS), you can also find netboot images from the repository folders.

http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/lucid/main/installer-i386/current/images/netboot/ Using mini.iso is probably recommended, as you use uNetbootin to copy it onto a pendrive.

Solution 5

1. Do a "minimal" install as many people suggested
2. Install your required packages with:
   sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends package-name, where package-name is the package you want to install

The configuration requirements depends on which packages you select to install, keeping a minimal install depends on knowning "minimal" tools or rely on manual configuration. The more user friendly configuration tools which make Ubuntu great for most people usually have an high number of dependencies.

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Comments

[yop83]

I think you should expand your question to say something like "I want the base system, with Gnome, but without all the office-suites, games, etc.

[invert]

Bloat is defined as "unnecessary features that are not used by end users". The Ubuntu Desktop Team has the most thorough selection process, as set by their mission statement. It doesn't make it bloat because you don't find any of it useful. wiki.ubuntu.com/DesktopTeam/Mission

[Seb Rose]

To me, if I don't use a feature or don't find it useful, it's bloat.

[Seb Rose]

Is JeOS part of Ubuntu Server? I do a search for "Ubuntu JeOS" and I end up at the Server page. I'm thinking about going that route...

[Seb Rose]

Bloatware is all of the applications that Ubuntu comes with that I never use. All of the games, a bunch of the utilities, the on screen keyboard, the screensavers, that sort of thing. There are also lots of random utilities I just never use - I don't even know what all of them are, I just see them in my installed packages.

[Seb Rose]

Also, a concern that I have with this is that I'll get lost in "configuration hell", where I am with Arch now. Everything is half set up and I just want to use my system, yet I can't because I still have hours of installations and configurations ahead of me.

[Seb Rose]

The same concern that I've had with the other suggestions to do this comes up - will I get caught up in configuration hell like where I am right now with Arch? I have a half configured system that's running Gnome, but it has no wireless networking support, no applications to help me work, and I'm looking at several hours of installations and configurations to get me to a point where I can use the system.

[Seb Rose]

The same concern that I've had with the other suggestions to do this comes up - will I get caught up in configuration hell like where I am right now with Arch? I have a half configured system that's running Gnome, but it has no wireless networking support, no applications to help me work, and I'm looking at several hours of installations and configurations to get me to a point where I can use the system.

[Bryce]

Well, a lot of those can be individually uninstalled through Ubuntu Software Center or with appropriate apt-get remove commands. However, most apps and utilities don't really impose much impact on resources other than the disk space they take up. They don't use memory, power, or cpu load unless you're actually using them.

[Bryce]

Really, to trim up my system, I don't worry about what's installed but rather on what's running. And that's usually the services rather than apps. For instance, I may be trying to max out battery performance on a laptop. To do this, I use the most excellent 'power-top' to see what apps or services are consuming the most power and shut them down. For instance, I will disable ubuntu-one, pulseaudio, bluetooth, sometimes even network-manager. I've been able to as much as double the battery life of a netbook temporarily this way. To see what's running: service --status-all

[Seb Rose]

That may be, but I still don't want them there. There are also pointless things, like random branding (ubuntufox or whatever it's called comes to mind), too. I would love to have a Ubuntu-based distribution that is extremely lean.

[Seb Rose]

For the apps you named, of those, I would only want bluetooth and network-manager even installed. However, there's no easy way to identify what packages are installed, what depends on them, what exactly they are/do, and then remove the ones you want. Synaptic comes close, but it still requires more knowledge about what packages do what than I have.

[yop83]

@Thomas : But isn't that what you mean by "stripped down"? Only Ethernet networking, no apps (Except the basics), no GUI, etc.

[Seb Rose]

I want to avoid apps that I don't want. Honestly, I don't know all of what I don't want because it's difficult to find out what packages are installed, what they do, and what depends on them. Synaptic is close, but not quite there. I want an install that comes with X, GNOME, wireless and wired networking, and a few other essentials. I don't want to deal with VPN clients, games, user experience, usability (on-screen keyboard, etc), web browsers, office apps, photo management, media playing...

[yop83]

About two years ago I created a basic JeOS system and attempted to identify enough components to be able to run Xfce (Xfce is leaner then Gnome and has fewer dependencies). apt-cache depends xfce and apt-cache rdepends xfce were very helpful. I tried to do this with Gnome, and had moderate success with the 'desktop-base' and 'gnome' packages. I think it still installed more then I wanted, but it was better then the default install. However, my memory of this is vague...

[yop83]

And for the most part, apt does a very good job at avoiding configuration hell. Yum does a good job on RH-based distros.

[LassePoulsen]

Don't wory to much about that... There souldn't be a lot more configuration than with a normal install, but if get stock you obviously know where to ask questions ;)

[Oli]

No. You pick the packages, they'll come with the same defaults that the main system does.

[ibuclaw]

Configuration should be a none issue, as all the "tried and tested" settings that you find in the stock Ubuntu install are actually part of the packages in the repository. I just had a look-up of JeOS myself, and indeed it seems to be part of the Server install now (this is different from Hardy), my only assumption is that you'll get a menu giving you a choice of what to install somewhere along the setup. This is usually always the case in the alternate CD installers.

[vaquito]

@Thomas, why the work? If the full system "just works" then why not just use that?

[Seb Rose]

Because I want to maximize the available disk space by every megabyte and reduce RAM consumption as much as possible.

[Seb Rose]

That's too stripped. I'll edit my original post to reflect this, but I want the administration tools and GUI, just no applications.

[vaquito]

"Very lightweight" is not exactly true. It is just a non-Gnome version.

[vaquito]

Then just figure out the packages that give what you want and install those on the minimal Ubuntu server with apt-get. Not hard.

[Seb Rose]

Just to clarify your last point - if I don't have a package installed and I update my Ubuntu installation, then the packages I have uninstalled will not be installed? That was one of my concerns.

[Seb Rose]

Although I haven't done this yet (no time), it appears to be the best option for building a custom Ubuntu-based distribution from the ground up and achieving a minimal install.

[Tom Dalling]

That's correct.

[Thomas Ward]

You could also use the minimal installation, just an FYI.

[Oli]

@LordofTime I'm personally not that big a fan of -minimal. It's too bare and you just have to download all the packages, which, IMO, is slower than just downloading the -server ISO and picking sane additional packages. -server is a very sensible starting point.

[hookenz]

That's perfect for me. I don't want a gui and want to netboot.