How to implement implicit Json Writes of embedded object in Play Framework 2.x

Question

there are two classes Foo and Bar. Foo contains a field of Bar. The question is, how do I implement an implicit json Writes for class Foo?

Here is the code:

package models

import play.api.libs.json._

case class Foo(id: String, bar: Bar)

object Foo {
  implicit val implicitFooWrites = new Writes[Foo] {
    def writes(foo: Foo): JsValue = {
      Json.obj(
        "id" -> foo.id,
        "bar" -> foo.bar
      )
    }
  }
}

case class Bar(x: String, y: Int)

object Bar {
  implicit val implicitBarWrites = new Writes[Bar] {
    def writes(bar: Bar): JsValue = {
      Json.obj(
        "x" -> bar.x,
        "y" -> bar.y
      )
    }
  }
}

When I try to compile, I get the following error:

No Json deserializer found for type models.Bar. Try to implement an implicit Writes or Format for this type.

I don't understand this compiler error, since I implemented an implicit Writes for models.Bar class. What is the problem here?

Solution

It's a question of visibility, when declaring the implicit Writes[Foo] you are not making visible the implicit Writes[Bar] to it:

scala> :paste
// Entering paste mode (ctrl-D to finish)

import play.api.libs.json._

case class Bar(x: String, y: Int)

object Bar {
  implicit val implicitBarWrites = new Writes[Bar] {
    def writes(bar: Bar): JsValue = {
      Json.obj(
        "x" -> bar.x,
        "y" -> bar.y
      )
    }
  }
}

case class Foo(id: String, bar: Bar)

object Foo {

  import Bar._

  implicit val implicitFooWrites = new Writes[Foo] {
    def writes(foo: Foo): JsValue = {
      Json.obj(
        "id" -> foo.id,
        "bar" -> foo.bar
      ) 
    } 
  }     
}

// Exiting paste mode, now interpreting.

import play.api.libs.json._
defined class Bar
defined module Bar
defined class Foo
defined module Foo

scala> Json.prettyPrint(Json.toJson(Foo("23", Bar("x", 1))))
res0: String = 
{
  "id" : "23",
  "bar" : {
    "x" : "x",
    "y" : 1
  }
}

Also, if you're using Play 2.1+ make sure to check out the brand new use of 2.10's macros: http://www.playframework.com/documentation/2.1.0/ScalaJsonInception

If you're happy with the use of the case classes and the val/vars' names being used as keys in the json output, as in your case BTW, then you can use the two one-liners:

implicit val barFormat = Json.writes[Bar]
implicit val fooFormat = Json.writes[Foo]

That will give you the exact equivalent:

scala> import play.api.libs.json._
import play.api.libs.json._

scala> case class Bar(x: String, y: Int)
defined class Bar

scala> case class Foo(id: String, bar: Bar)
defined class Foo

scala> implicit val barWrites = Json.writes[Bar]
barWrites: play.api.libs.json.OWrites[Bar] = play.api.libs.json.OWrites$$anon$2@257cae95

scala> implicit val fooWrites = Json.writes[Foo]
fooWrites: play.api.libs.json.OWrites[Foo] = play.api.libs.json.OWrites$$anon$2@48f97e2a

scala> Json.prettyPrint(Json.toJson(Foo("23", Bar("x", 1))))
res0: String = 
{
  "id" : "23",
  "bar" : {
    "x" : "x",
    "y" : 1
  }
}