Pattern based, batch file rename in terminal

Question

I need to rename the following:

file_001_loremipsum.png
file_002_dolor.png
file_003_sit.png
file_004_amet.png
file_105_randomness.png

into

upl_loremipsum.png
upl_dolor.png
upl_sit.png
upl_amet.png
upl_randomness.png

How do I make it happen with just one simple line of terminal command?

Solution 1

The solution to the above example, using rename:

rename -v -n 's/file_\d{1,3}/upl/' file_*.png

Usage:

rename [options] [Perl regex search/replace expression] [files]

From man rename:

   -v, --verbose
           Verbose: print names of files successfully renamed.
   -n, --no-act
           No Action: show what files would have been renamed.

rename MAY take regex as the arguments.

What we are looking at is the content between the single quotes '. You can place regex separated by /.

Formula: s/(1)/(2)/ where (1) = search pattern, and (2) = replace pattern.

So, familiarize youself with regex, and enjoy pattern based batch file renaming!

Solution 2

This can be done with little magic of bash parameter expansion!

for f in file_[0-9]*_*; do mv $f upl_${f#file_[0-9]*_}; done

file_[0-9]*_*; - First pattern is used to go trough all files that begin with 'file_anynumber_'
${f#file_[0-9]*_} - The second pattern file_[0-9]*_ is used in parameter expansion which tells bash to remove 'file_anynumber_' from the begging of the string.

For more information on Parameter expansion:

man bash

Solution 3

if files are in severals directories, use rename after a find like :

find -iname file_*.png -type f -exec rename -n 's/file_[0-9]{3}(.*\.png)/upl$1/' {} \;

the -n after rename is to test, remove it to proceed !-)

like this, you associate find and rename power.

Personally, I used it to rename sources header .h to .hpp

find -iname *.h -type f -exec rename 's/(.*\.)h/$1hpp/' {} \;

Comments

[ccpizza]

A failsafe regex-based python version which works recursively on all subfolders: stackoverflow.com/a/39698169/191246

[wjandrea]

Note that this uses globs, not regex, so [0-9]* will match one digit followed by any string. There's probably a better way to match just numbers, but I can't think of anything succinct.

[Patrick Dark]

There's documentation for the -iname, -type, and -exec flags at manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/bionic/man1/find.1.html#express‌​ion. (find --help isn't particularly helpful for this command.) TL;DR: -iname matches a pattern case‐insensitively; -type f matches “regular files”; and -exec executes an expression until it encounters a ; (semicolon) character.

[Patrick Dark]

In Ubuntu 18.10, the --no-act flag is --nono instead. This answer could also be a bit more explicit: [files] refers to an initial pattern matching files in the current directory that one wants to potentially rename (e.g., * matches everything, but only in the current directory).

[Francesco D.M.]

Would you also be able to suggest a way to have this command work recursively in all subdirectories?

[Alex Che]

Your link points to another rename, which has format rename from to file and does not support regular expressions. Actually, my Linux distribution (Cent OS 7) has exactly that version.

[jave.web]

For my sys no-action is "--nono" : rename --verbose --nono 's/ /_/' * => show final names of files after space would be replaced with underscore in current directory, for all files (*)

[m02ph3u5]

apparently, my rename from util-linux 2.37.2 on Ubuntu 21.04 does not support this