How do I shutdown, restart, or log off Windows via a bat file?

Question

I've been using Remote Desktop Connection to get into a workstation. But in this environment, I cannot use the power options in Start Menu. I need an alternative way to shutdown or restart.

How do I control my computer's power state through the command line?

Solution 1

The most common ways to use the shutdown command are:

• shutdown -s — Shuts down.
• shutdown -r — Restarts.
• shutdown -l — Logs off.

• shutdown -h — Hibernates.

  Note: There is a common pitfall wherein users think -h means "help" (which it does for every other command-line program... except shutdown.exe, where it means "hibernate"). They then run shutdown -h and accidentally turn off their computers. Watch out for that.

• shutdown -i — "Interactive mode". Instead of performing an action, it displays a GUI dialog.

• shutdown -a — Aborts a previous shutdown command.

The commands above can be combined with these additional options:

• -f — Forces programs to exit. Prevents the shutdown process from getting stuck.
• -t <seconds> — Sets the time until shutdown. Use -t 0 to shutdown immediately.
• -c <message> — Adds a shutdown message. The message will end up in the Event Log.

• -y — Forces a "yes" answer to all shutdown queries.

  Note: This option is not documented in any official documentation. It was discovered by these StackOverflow users.

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I want to make sure some other really good answers are also mentioned along with this one. Here they are in no particular order.

• The -f option from JosephStyons
• Using rundll32 from VonC
• The Run box from Dean
• Remote shutdown from Kip

Solution 2

If you are on a remote machine, you may also want to add the -f option to force the reboot. Otherwise your session may close and a stubborn app can hang the system.

I use this whenever I want to force an immediate reboot:

shutdown -t 0 -r -f

For a more friendly "give them some time" option, you can use this:

shutdown -t 30 -r

As you can see in the comments, the -f is implied by the timeout.

Brutus 2006 is a utility that provides a GUI for these options.

Solution 3

No one has mentioned -m option for remote shutdown:

shutdown -r -f -m \\machinename

Also:

• The -r parameter causes a reboot (which is usually what you want on a remote machine, since physically starting it might be difficult).
• The -f parameter option forces the reboot.
• You must have appropriate privileges to shut down the remote machine, of course.

Solution 4

Original answer: Oct. 2008

You also got all the "rundll32.exe shell32.dll" serie:

(see update below)

• rundll32.exe user.exe,**ExitWindows** [Fast Shutdown of Windows]

• rundll32.exe user.exe,**ExitWindowsExec** [Restart Windows]

  rundll32.exe shell32.dll,SHExitWindowsEx n
  

where n stands for:

• 0 - LOGOFF
• 1 - SHUTDOWN
• 2 - REBOOT
• 4 - FORCE
• 8 - POWEROFF

(can be combined -> 6 = 2+4 FORCE REBOOT)

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Update April 2015 (6+ years later):

1800 INFORMATION kindly points out in the comments:

Don't use rundll32.exe for this purpose. It expects that the function you passed on the command line has a very specific method signature - it doesn't match the method signature of ExitWindows.

Raymond CHEN wrote:

• in 2004 "What can go wrong when you mismatch the calling convention?":

The function signature required for functions called by rundll32.exe is:

void CALLBACK ExitWindowsEx(HWND hwnd, HINSTANCE hinst,
       LPSTR pszCmdLine, int nCmdShow);

That hasn't stopped people from using rundll32 to call random functions that weren't designed to be called by rundll32, like user32 LockWorkStation or user32 ExitWindowsEx.

(oops)

The actual function signature for ExitWindowsEx is:

BOOL WINAPI ExitWindowsEx(UINT uFlags, DWORD dwReserved);

• in 2011: "Throwing garbage on the sidewalk: The sad history of the rundll32 program"

And to make it crystal-clear:

• in 2013 "What's the guidance on when to use rundll32? Easy: Don't use it":

Rundll32 is a leftover from Windows 95, and it has been deprecated since at least Windows Vista because it violates a lot of modern engineering guidelines.

Solution 5

Another small tip: when going the batch file route, I like to be able to abort it in case I run it accidentally. So the batch file invokes the shutdown but leaves you at the command prompt afterwards.

@echo off
echo Shutting down in 10 seconds. Please type "shutdown /a" to abort.
cmd.exe /K shutdown /f /t 10 /r

Plus, since it's on a timer, you get about the same thrill as you do when hunting in The Oregon Trail.

View more solutions

Comments

[Keng]

yep...I just like to have the double-click sitting there...that's what the -r bat file is for too ;o)

[Dean Rather]

careful not to put it in programs->startup :)

[Asdfg]

whats the difference between shutdown and poweroff?

[VonC]

@Asdfg today? none. For NT4 and before, the motherboard didn't always support power off, only shutdown (windows was completely closed, but the PC was still under electric power). Only poweroff (if the hardware supported it at the time) closed windows and cut the electic power. Today, both shutdown and poweroff do that.

[pasx]

Do read about using -f (for force) in the next answer. Says the guy who didn't and now has a computer stuck on shutdown on the other side of the planet during the weekend (:

[rsk82]

you can put pause in the bath file, and then abort command, such the abort sequence would be any key

[Zitrax]

Reading the help for shutdown on Windows 8.1 I see: "If the timeout period is greater than 0, the /f parameter is implied." And as the default timeout is 30 seconds I think it's preferable to give some time for the clean shutdown and then the forced shutdown happens after the timeout.

[legends2k]

+1 just that I used /<switch> instead of -<switch>. The help section also uses /.

[Gavin]

@rsk82, well being able to get away with typing anything was an unfortunate limitation of my TRS-80 copy of Oregon Trail too, but frankly I always considered it cheating and my brother would get enraged whenever I did it. Just saying: why would you want to enrage my brother?

[JosephStyons]

That's a good point. I believe when I wrote this, the OS I was using was Windows XP. I see that the "/f is implied" remark is in Windows 7 as well. I've modified the example accordingly.

[Heri]

My experience: Using the -s option (shutdown) in Remote Desktop (as the OP mentions) only terminates the remote desktop but leaves the remote machine untouched.

[1800 INFORMATION]

Don't use rundll32.exe for this purpose. It expects that the function you passed on the command line has a very specific method signature - it doesn't match the method signature of ExitWindows.

[1800 INFORMATION]

Reference: blogs.msdn.com/b/oldnewthing/archive/2004/01/15/58973.aspx, blogs.msdn.com/b/oldnewthing/archive/2014/04/08/10515006.asp‌​x, blogs.msdn.com/b/oldnewthing/archive/2013/01/04/10382242.asp‌​x, blogs.msdn.com/b/oldnewthing/archive/2011/09/09/10208136.asp‌​x,

[VonC]

@1800INFORMATION very good point. I have rewritten the answer to make it clear this is not a valid option.

[dzampino]

By default they have 30 seconds. I use for immediate: shutdown /r /t 0 and for friendly: shutdown /r

[PRMan]

To be fair, though, it really doesn't matter what type of memory leak or stack corruption you are causing if you are immediately shutting down the PC.

[granadaCoder]

I use "-r" for Remote Machines. So it will restart and not need manual intervention.

[mcmillab]

can the machine name be an IP address? Ie, can you do this over the internet?

[Brethlosze]

aw.. and curious behavior will be obtained if the code is placed in a shutdown.bat file. Try it! :)....

[user324747]

I used to use that method but it doesn't work anymore, command line it is.

[user324747]

I also have a gadget which has buttons for shutdown, restart, hibernate, lock that works in RDP.

[Timothy Zorn]

If you can access the machine via \\IP.AD.DR.ESS (i.e. the necessary ports are open and you have the required permissions), then yes, this should work over the internet.

[Ole V.V.]

If you are on a remote machine, you may also want to add the -f option to force the reboot. Otherwise your session may close and a stubborn app can hang the system. To force an immediate reboot: shutdown -t 0 -r -f. For a more friendly "give them some time" option, you can use this: shutdown -t 30 -r. The -f is implied by the timeout. (from proposed edit by Mateusz Konieczny)

[Dchris]

I first tried with -r only and it didn't work because i wanted a remote shutdown. It worked with shutdown -r -m. -f was not needed.

[Kingzel]

I would like to point out flaws in this answer first of all ` shutdown -i ` is not for filling in functions or any of that jazz. I am sure that it is used to remotely shutdown other computers in the currently connected LAN and shutdown -t xxis not a stand alone command so you have to use with shutdown -s or shutdown -r

[msoft]

@Keng, reading the actual problem "I'm not able to use the shutdown/restart function in the Start menu" it appears to me that you want to know how to do that. The command-line is one solution, the keyboard is another. It might help other users who stumble onto this question and just want an easy solution to shutdown or restart.